Pakistan

PAKISTAN

Pakistan

A. General Info:

Official Name Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Capital Islamabad
Main Cities Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi
Languages Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski and other 8%
Government Federal Republic
Independence 14 August 1947 (from British India)
Area total:803,940sqkm(land:778,720sqkm;water: 25,220 sq km)
Population 176,600,000 (2010)
Currency Pakistani Rupee (PKR)
Climate Generally arid; hot summers, cool or cold winters; wide variations of temperature in given locale and between coastal area on Arabian Sea and glacial regions of northern areas; little rainfall.
Time Zone PST (UTC +5), Summer PDT (UTC +6)
Main Airports Jinnah Intl Airport (KHI, Karachi), Allama Iqbal Intl Airport (LHE, Lahore), Islamabad Intl Airport (ISB, Rawalpindi)
Main Harbors Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim

Source: National sources, 2011

B. Economic Indicators

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

GDP
Nominal GDP (US$bn)

109.9

127.3

143.0

165.1

166.5

169.1

Real GDP Growth (%)

7.7

6.2

5.7

2.0

3.7

2.9

Expenditure on GDP (% real change)

Private Consumption

12.9

1.0

4.7

-1.3

5.2

3.5

Government Consumption

1.7

48.3

-9.6

39.0

-13.5

5.0

Gross fixed Investment

13.5

19.9

13.6

3.8

-6.5

1.5

Export of goods & services

9.6

9.9

2.3

-5.3

9.0

0.2

Import of goods & services

40.5

18.7

-3.5

3.6

-9.2

2.6

Origin of GDP (%real change)

Agriculture

6.5

6.3

4.1

1.1

4.7

3.5

Industry

12.1

4.1

8.8

1.7

-3.6

1.0

Services

8.5

6.5

7.0

6.6

3.6

3.5

GDP per capita (US$ at PPP)

2,051

2,201

2,341

2,383

2,447

2,496

Recorded unemployment (av.; %)

7.7

7.7

11.5

12.6

14.0

15.0

Fiscal Indicator (% of GDP)

Central government revenue

13.3

14.0

12.8

15.0

14.3

16.7

Central government expenditure

16.5

18.2

17.3

22.8

19.7

22.3

Central government balance

-3.2

-4.2

-4.5

-7.8

-5.4

-5.6

Net public debt

53.9

51.5

50.9

51.7

46.7

49.3

Prices and financial indicators

Exchange Rates PRs:US$ (end-period)

59.83

60.92

61.22

79.10

84.26

86.72

Consumer Prices (end-period; % change)

8.5

8.9

8.8

24.0

11.5

7.7

Stock of money M2 (end-period; % change)

16.5

14.6

19.5

19.0

20.4

13.0

Lending interest rate (av; %)

8.2

9.9

10.2

12.4

13.3

12.5

Current Account (US$m)

Trade Balance

-6,340

-9,647

-10,640

-16,769

-9,419

-16,374

Goods: exports fob

15,433

17,049

18,188

21,328

18,962

21,409

Goods: imports fob

-21,773

-26,696

-28,775

-38,097

-28,380

-37,787

Services Balance

-3,830

-4,912

-5,044

-5,363

-2,701

-2,601

Income Balance

-2,514

-3,131

-3,740

-4,163

-3,467

-3,080

Current-account balance

-3,605

-6,750

-8,286

-15,402

-2,440

-2,961

External Debt (US$m)

Debt stock

33,173

35,909

40,680

46,335

51,812

56,094

Debt service paid

2,425

2,281

2,600

3,917

3,425

4,112

Principal repayments

1,698

1,427

1,504

2,891

2,456

2,828

Interest

727

854

1,067

1,026

970

1,284

Debt service due

2,425

2,281

2,600

3,917

3,425

4,112

International Reserves (US$m)

Total international reserves

10,948

12,816

15,689

8,903

13,770

16,029

Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011

C. Trade

C.1. Pakistan’s Trade with the World

US$ Mn.

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Export (fob)

16,052

16,714

19,019

21,640

19,604

21,409

Import (cif)

25,412

34,325

40,134

46,136

36,511

37,787

Trade Volume

41,464

51,039

59,153

67,776

56,115

52,192

Trade Balance

-9,360

-17,611

-21,115

-24,496

-16,907

-16,374

World Trade (US$ Bn)

21,058

24,294

27,845

32,215

24,948

28,143

Share

0.19%

0.21%

0.21%

0.21%

0.22%

0.18%

Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011

C.2. Pakistan’s trade with D-8 Countries

US$ Mn.

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Export (fob)

950.58

856.68

1,080.69

1,345.62

1,329.34

1,817

Import (cif)

2,169.74

2,570.19

3,430.95

4,149.68

3,259.76

4,601

Trade Volume

3,120.32

3,426.87

4,511.64

5,495.3

4,589.1

6,418

Trade Balance

-1,219.16

-1,713.51

-2,350.26

-2,804.06

-1,930.42

-2,784

D-8 Intra Trade

41,537.19

49,806.52

66,828.03

78,382.2

66,947.63

101,139

Share

7.5%

6.9%

6.75%

7.01%

6.8%

6.34%

Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011

C.3. Pakistan’s Trade by 10 Main Commodities

C.3.1. Export by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)

No.

Commodity

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

1. Cotton

3,601.0

3,439.5

3,595.6

3,203.8

4,013.4

2. Other made textile articles, sets, worn clothing etc

3,242.5

3,179.5

3,145.5

2,917.5

3,284.5

3. Cereals

1,152.3

1,244.1

2,507.9

1,823.2

2,279.5

4. Articles of apparel, accessories, knit or crochet

1,902.2

1,851

1,888.5

1,680.7

1,982.4

5. Articles of apparel, accessories, not knit or crochet

1,348.3

1,371.04

1,361.1

1,206.5

1,461.6

6. Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc

841.2

994.4

1,229.7

714.5

1,202.6

7. Articles of leather, animal gut, harness, travel goods

680.3

691.6

766.8

577.9

618.8

8. Pearls, precious stones, metals, coins, etc

24.1

120.3

239.8

478.9

590.2

9. Salt, sulphur, earth, stone, plaster, lime and cement

127.4

251.7

601

563.4

514.4

10. Manmade staple fibres

234.5

386.1

284.8

300.06

511.2

Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011

C.3.2 Import by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)

No.

Commodity

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

1. Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc

7,680.3

8,350.3

14,054.2

8,837.7

11,398.5

2. Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers, etc

3,343.9

3,262.4

3,923.9

3,119.7

2,953.2

3. Electrical, electronic equipment

3,081.3

3,448.2

3,782.3

2,618.8

2,441.5

4. Animal,vegetable fats and oils, cleavage products, etc

878.8

1,301.2

1,879.8

1,411.7

1,852.3

5. Organic chemicals

1,177.9

1,569.8

1,761.3

1,518.2

1,721.1

6. Iron and steel

1,392.8

1,543

1629.4

1,683.5

1,695.2

7. Plastics and articles thereof

1,128.6

1,280.7

1,360

1,184.9

1,458

8. Vehicles other than railway, tramway

1,732.6

1,418.8

1,184.2

969.4

1,307.5

9. Ships, boats and other floating structures

72

573.3

183.2

398.8

838.8

10. Sugars and sugar confectionery

717.4

40

27.7

200.8

834.9

Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011

C.4 Export and Import by Main Destination Country

Export by Main Destination Country (% of total)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

United States of America

24.8

25.7

21.6

18

18.3

17.2

United Arab Emirates

7.8

7.3

11.9

9.9

8.8

8.6

Afghanistan

6.6

5.9

4.7

7.1

7.8

7.9

China

2.7

3

3.4

3.6

5.7

6.7

United Kingdom

5.7

5.5

5.4

4.9

5.4

5.2

Others

37.6

52.6

53

56.5

54

54.4

Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011

Import by Main Origin Country (% of total)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

China

9.4

9.8

12.8

11.2

12

14

Saudi Arabia

10.6

10.2

12.3

14.1

11.1

10.2

United Arab Emirates

9.9

11.4

8.5

8.9

10.6

14

Kuwait

5

6.3

5.7

8.1

5.7

6.9

United States of America

6.1

6.3

8

4.9

5.7

4.3

Others

59

56

52.7

52.8

54.9

50.6

Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011

D. Foreign Direct Investment (Overview, selected years)

US$ Mn

FDI Flows

FDI Stocks

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

Inward

2,201

4,273

5,590

5,438

2,387

5,408

6,919

25,621

31,059

17,789

Outward

44

109

99

46

-14

266

489

1,238

1,284

2,201

Source: UNCTAD, 2011

E. Agriculture: Food Commodities

US$ Mn

2008

2009

2010

Export

3,110.5

2,264.7

2,708.8

Import

4,076.1

2,521.2

3,557

Trade Volume

7,186.6

4,785.9

6,265.8

Trade Balance

-965.6

-256.5

-848,2

Pakistan’s Total Trade

54,867.7

56,115

52,192

Share to Pakistan’s Total Trade

13.1%

8.5%

12%

Source: WTO, FAO, 2011

F. Energy

F.1 Oil

Petroleum

(Thousand Barrels per Day)

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Total Oil Production

67.98

68.39

69.10

69.55

69.55

Consumption

359

390

390

390

390

Refinery

269

269

269

269

269

Proved reserved (billion barrels)

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

Source: BP statistics, 2011

F.2 Natural Gas

Natural Gas (Billion Cubic Feet/day) 2006 2007 2008 2009

2010

Total Production

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

Consumption

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

Proved reserved (trillion cubic meters, TCM)

0.85

0.85

0.85

0.8

0.8

Source: BP statistics, 2011

F.3 Others Energy

Energy

Year

2008

2009

2010

Biofuels production (thousand barrels daily)

0.6

0.62

0.62

Electricity Generation (Terawatt-hours)

27.73

Renewable Energy (Installed Capacity) Geothermal (mega-watts)

-

-

-

Solar (mega-watts)

-

-

-

Wind (mega-watts)

-

-

-

Source: BP statistics, 2011