Pakistan
PAKISTAN
A. General Info:
| Official Name | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
| Capital | Islamabad |
| Main Cities | Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi |
| Languages | Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski and other 8% |
| Government | Federal Republic |
| Independence | 14 August 1947 (from British India) |
| Area | total:803,940sqkm(land:778,720sqkm;water: 25,220 sq km) |
| Population | 176,600,000 (2010) |
| Currency | Pakistani Rupee (PKR) |
| Climate | Generally arid; hot summers, cool or cold winters; wide variations of temperature in given locale and between coastal area on Arabian Sea and glacial regions of northern areas; little rainfall. |
| Time Zone | PST (UTC +5), Summer PDT (UTC +6) |
| Main Airports | Jinnah Intl Airport (KHI, Karachi), Allama Iqbal Intl Airport (LHE, Lahore), Islamabad Intl Airport (ISB, Rawalpindi) |
| Main Harbors | Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim |
Source: National sources, 2011
B. Economic Indicators
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||
| GDP | |||||||
| Nominal GDP (US$bn) |
109.9 |
127.3 |
143.0 |
165.1 |
166.5 |
169.1 |
|
| Real GDP Growth (%) |
7.7 |
6.2 |
5.7 |
2.0 |
3.7 |
2.9 |
|
| Expenditure on GDP (% real change) |
|
||||||
| Private Consumption |
12.9 |
1.0 |
4.7 |
-1.3 |
5.2 |
3.5 |
|
| Government Consumption |
1.7 |
48.3 |
-9.6 |
39.0 |
-13.5 |
5.0 |
|
| Gross fixed Investment |
13.5 |
19.9 |
13.6 |
3.8 |
-6.5 |
1.5 |
|
| Export of goods & services |
9.6 |
9.9 |
2.3 |
-5.3 |
9.0 |
0.2 |
|
| Import of goods & services |
40.5 |
18.7 |
-3.5 |
3.6 |
-9.2 |
2.6 |
|
| Origin of GDP (%real change) |
|
||||||
| Agriculture |
6.5 |
6.3 |
4.1 |
1.1 |
4.7 |
3.5 |
|
| Industry |
12.1 |
4.1 |
8.8 |
1.7 |
-3.6 |
1.0 |
|
| Services |
8.5 |
6.5 |
7.0 |
6.6 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
|
| GDP per capita (US$ at PPP) |
2,051 |
2,201 |
2,341 |
2,383 |
2,447 |
2,496 |
|
| Recorded unemployment (av.; %) |
7.7 |
7.7 |
11.5 |
12.6 |
14.0 |
15.0 |
|
| Fiscal Indicator (% of GDP) |
|
||||||
| Central government revenue |
13.3 |
14.0 |
12.8 |
15.0 |
14.3 |
16.7 |
|
| Central government expenditure |
16.5 |
18.2 |
17.3 |
22.8 |
19.7 |
22.3 |
|
| Central government balance |
-3.2 |
-4.2 |
-4.5 |
-7.8 |
-5.4 |
-5.6 |
|
| Net public debt |
53.9 |
51.5 |
50.9 |
51.7 |
46.7 |
49.3 |
|
| Prices and financial indicators |
|
||||||
| Exchange Rates PRs:US$ (end-period) |
59.83 |
60.92 |
61.22 |
79.10 |
84.26 |
86.72 |
|
| Consumer Prices (end-period; % change) |
8.5 |
8.9 |
8.8 |
24.0 |
11.5 |
7.7 |
|
| Stock of money M2 (end-period; % change) |
16.5 |
14.6 |
19.5 |
19.0 |
20.4 |
13.0 |
|
| Lending interest rate (av; %) |
8.2 |
9.9 |
10.2 |
12.4 |
13.3 |
12.5 |
|
| Current Account (US$m) |
|
||||||
| Trade Balance |
-6,340 |
-9,647 |
-10,640 |
-16,769 |
-9,419 |
-16,374 |
|
| Goods: exports fob |
15,433 |
17,049 |
18,188 |
21,328 |
18,962 |
21,409 |
|
| Goods: imports fob |
-21,773 |
-26,696 |
-28,775 |
-38,097 |
-28,380 |
-37,787 |
|
| Services Balance |
-3,830 |
-4,912 |
-5,044 |
-5,363 |
-2,701 |
-2,601 |
|
| Income Balance |
-2,514 |
-3,131 |
-3,740 |
-4,163 |
-3,467 |
-3,080 |
|
| Current-account balance |
-3,605 |
-6,750 |
-8,286 |
-15,402 |
-2,440 |
-2,961 |
|
| External Debt (US$m) |
|
||||||
| Debt stock |
33,173 |
35,909 |
40,680 |
46,335 |
51,812 |
56,094 |
|
| Debt service paid |
2,425 |
2,281 |
2,600 |
3,917 |
3,425 |
4,112 |
|
| Principal repayments |
1,698 |
1,427 |
1,504 |
2,891 |
2,456 |
2,828 |
|
| Interest |
727 |
854 |
1,067 |
1,026 |
970 |
1,284 |
|
| Debt service due |
2,425 |
2,281 |
2,600 |
3,917 |
3,425 |
4,112 |
|
| International Reserves (US$m) |
|
||||||
| Total international reserves |
10,948 |
12,816 |
15,689 |
8,903 |
13,770 |
16,029 |
|
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C. Trade
C.1. Pakistan’s Trade with the World
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export (fob) |
16,052 |
16,714 |
19,019 |
21,640 |
19,604 |
21,409 |
| Import (cif) |
25,412 |
34,325 |
40,134 |
46,136 |
36,511 |
37,787 |
| Trade Volume |
41,464 |
51,039 |
59,153 |
67,776 |
56,115 |
52,192 |
| Trade Balance |
-9,360 |
-17,611 |
-21,115 |
-24,496 |
-16,907 |
-16,374 |
| World Trade (US$ Bn) |
21,058 |
24,294 |
27,845 |
32,215 |
24,948 |
28,143 |
| Share |
0.19% |
0.21% |
0.21% |
0.21% |
0.22% |
0.18% |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C.2. Pakistan’s trade with D-8 Countries
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export (fob) |
950.58 |
856.68 |
1,080.69 |
1,345.62 |
1,329.34 |
1,817 |
| Import (cif) |
2,169.74 |
2,570.19 |
3,430.95 |
4,149.68 |
3,259.76 |
4,601 |
| Trade Volume |
3,120.32 |
3,426.87 |
4,511.64 |
5,495.3 |
4,589.1 |
6,418 |
| Trade Balance |
-1,219.16 |
-1,713.51 |
-2,350.26 |
-2,804.06 |
-1,930.42 |
-2,784 |
| D-8 Intra Trade |
41,537.19 |
49,806.52 |
66,828.03 |
78,382.2 |
66,947.63 |
101,139 |
| Share |
7.5% |
6.9% |
6.75% |
7.01% |
6.8% |
6.34% |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C.3. Pakistan’s Trade by 10 Main Commodities
C.3.1. Export by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| 1. | Cotton |
3,601.0 |
3,439.5 |
3,595.6 |
3,203.8 |
4,013.4 |
| 2. | Other made textile articles, sets, worn clothing etc |
3,242.5 |
3,179.5 |
3,145.5 |
2,917.5 |
3,284.5 |
| 3. | Cereals |
1,152.3 |
1,244.1 |
2,507.9 |
1,823.2 |
2,279.5 |
| 4. | Articles of apparel, accessories, knit or crochet |
1,902.2 |
1,851 |
1,888.5 |
1,680.7 |
1,982.4 |
| 5. | Articles of apparel, accessories, not knit or crochet |
1,348.3 |
1,371.04 |
1,361.1 |
1,206.5 |
1,461.6 |
| 6. | Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
841.2 |
994.4 |
1,229.7 |
714.5 |
1,202.6 |
| 7. | Articles of leather, animal gut, harness, travel goods |
680.3 |
691.6 |
766.8 |
577.9 |
618.8 |
| 8. | Pearls, precious stones, metals, coins, etc |
24.1 |
120.3 |
239.8 |
478.9 |
590.2 |
| 9. | Salt, sulphur, earth, stone, plaster, lime and cement |
127.4 |
251.7 |
601 |
563.4 |
514.4 |
| 10. | Manmade staple fibres |
234.5 |
386.1 |
284.8 |
300.06 |
511.2 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
C.3.2 Import by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| 1. | Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
7,680.3 |
8,350.3 |
14,054.2 |
8,837.7 |
11,398.5 |
| 2. | Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers, etc |
3,343.9 |
3,262.4 |
3,923.9 |
3,119.7 |
2,953.2 |
| 3. | Electrical, electronic equipment |
3,081.3 |
3,448.2 |
3,782.3 |
2,618.8 |
2,441.5 |
| 4. | Animal,vegetable fats and oils, cleavage products, etc |
878.8 |
1,301.2 |
1,879.8 |
1,411.7 |
1,852.3 |
| 5. | Organic chemicals |
1,177.9 |
1,569.8 |
1,761.3 |
1,518.2 |
1,721.1 |
| 6. | Iron and steel |
1,392.8 |
1,543 |
1629.4 |
1,683.5 |
1,695.2 |
| 7. | Plastics and articles thereof |
1,128.6 |
1,280.7 |
1,360 |
1,184.9 |
1,458 |
| 8. | Vehicles other than railway, tramway |
1,732.6 |
1,418.8 |
1,184.2 |
969.4 |
1,307.5 |
| 9. | Ships, boats and other floating structures |
72 |
573.3 |
183.2 |
398.8 |
838.8 |
| 10. | Sugars and sugar confectionery |
717.4 |
40 |
27.7 |
200.8 |
834.9 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
C.4 Export and Import by Main Destination Country
Export by Main Destination Country (% of total)
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
| United States of America |
24.8 |
25.7 |
21.6 |
18 |
18.3 |
17.2 |
| United Arab Emirates |
7.8 |
7.3 |
11.9 |
9.9 |
8.8 |
8.6 |
| Afghanistan |
6.6 |
5.9 |
4.7 |
7.1 |
7.8 |
7.9 |
| China |
2.7 |
3 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
5.7 |
6.7 |
| United Kingdom |
5.7 |
5.5 |
5.4 |
4.9 |
5.4 |
5.2 |
| Others |
37.6 |
52.6 |
53 |
56.5 |
54 |
54.4 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
Import by Main Origin Country (% of total)
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
| China |
9.4 |
9.8 |
12.8 |
11.2 |
12 |
14 |
| Saudi Arabia |
10.6 |
10.2 |
12.3 |
14.1 |
11.1 |
10.2 |
| United Arab Emirates |
9.9 |
11.4 |
8.5 |
8.9 |
10.6 |
14 |
| Kuwait |
5 |
6.3 |
5.7 |
8.1 |
5.7 |
6.9 |
| United States of America |
6.1 |
6.3 |
8 |
4.9 |
5.7 |
4.3 |
| Others |
59 |
56 |
52.7 |
52.8 |
54.9 |
50.6 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
D. Foreign Direct Investment (Overview, selected years)
|
US$ Mn |
FDI Flows |
FDI Stocks |
||||||||
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
1995 |
2000 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| Inward |
2,201 |
4,273 |
5,590 |
5,438 |
2,387 |
5,408 |
6,919 |
25,621 |
31,059 |
17,789 |
| Outward |
44 |
109 |
99 |
46 |
-14 |
266 |
489 |
1,238 |
1,284 |
2,201 |
Source: UNCTAD, 2011
E. Agriculture: Food Commodities
|
US$ Mn |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export |
3,110.5 |
2,264.7 |
2,708.8 |
| Import |
4,076.1 |
2,521.2 |
3,557 |
| Trade Volume |
7,186.6 |
4,785.9 |
6,265.8 |
| Trade Balance |
-965.6 |
-256.5 |
-848,2 |
| Pakistan’s Total Trade |
54,867.7 |
56,115 |
52,192 |
| Share to Pakistan’s Total Trade |
13.1% |
8.5% |
12% |
Source: WTO, FAO, 2011
F. Energy
F.1 Oil
|
Petroleum (Thousand Barrels per Day) |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Total Oil Production |
67.98 |
68.39 |
69.10 |
69.55 |
69.55 |
| Consumption |
359 |
390 |
390 |
390 |
390 |
| Refinery |
269 |
269 |
269 |
269 |
269 |
| Proved reserved (billion barrels) |
0.289 |
0.289 |
0.289 |
0.289 |
0.289 |
Source: BP statistics, 2011
F.2 Natural Gas
| Natural Gas (Billion Cubic Feet/day) | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
2010 |
| Total Production |
3.5 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
3.8 |
| Consumption |
3.5 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
3.8 |
| Proved reserved (trillion cubic meters, TCM) |
0.85 |
0.85 |
0.85 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
Source: BP statistics, 2011
F.3 Others Energy
|
Energy |
Year |
|||
|
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||
| Biofuels production (thousand barrels daily) |
0.6 |
0.62 |
0.62 |
|
| Electricity Generation (Terawatt-hours) |
27.73 |
|
|
|
| Renewable Energy (Installed Capacity) | Geothermal (mega-watts) |
- |
- |
- |
| Solar (mega-watts) |
- |
- |
- |
|
| Wind (mega-watts) |
- |
- |
- |
|
Source: BP statistics, 2011
