Pakistan
PAKISTAN
A. General Info:
| Official Name | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
| Capital | Islamabad |
| Main Cities | Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi |
| Languages | Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski and other 8% |
| Government | Federal Republic |
| Independence | 14 August 1947 (from British India) |
| Area | total:803,940sqkm(land:778,720sqkm;water: 25,220 sq km) |
| Population | 176,242,949 (July 2009 est.) |
| Currency | Pakistani Rupee (PKR) |
| Climate | Generally arid; hot summers, cool or cold winters; wide variations of temperature in given locale and between coastal area on Arabian Sea and glacial regions of northern areas; little rainfall. |
| Time Zone | PST (UTC +5), Summer PDT (UTC +6) |
| Main Airports | Jinnah Intl Airport (KHI, Karachi), Allama Iqbal Intl Airport (LHE, Lahore), Islamabad Intl Airport (ISB, Rawalpindi) |
| Main Harbors | Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim |
B. Economic Indicators
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| GDP | |||||
| Nominal GDP (US$bn) |
109.9 |
127.3 |
143.0 |
165.1 |
166.5 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) |
7.7 |
6.2 |
5.7 |
2.0 |
3.7 |
| Expenditure on GDP (% real change) | |||||
| Private Consumption |
12.9 |
1.0 |
4.7 |
-1.3 |
5.2 |
| Government Consumption |
1.7 |
48.3 |
-9.6 |
39.0 |
-13.5 |
| Gross fixed Investment |
13.5 |
19.9 |
13.6 |
3.8 |
-6.5 |
| Export of goods & services |
9.6 |
9.9 |
2.3 |
-5.3 |
9.0 |
| Import of goods & services |
40.5 |
18.7 |
-3.5 |
3.6 |
-9.2 |
| Origin of GDP (%real change) | |||||
| Agriculture |
6.5 |
6.3 |
4.1 |
1.1 |
4.7 |
| Industry |
12.1 |
4.1 |
8.8 |
1.7 |
-3.6 |
| Services |
8.5 |
6.5 |
7.0 |
6.6 |
3.6 |
| GDP per capita (US$ at PPP) |
2,051 |
2,201 |
2,341 |
2,383 |
2,447 |
| Recorded unemployment (av.; %) |
7.7 |
7.7 |
11.5 |
12.6 |
14.0 |
| Fiscal Indicator (% of GDP) | |||||
| Central government revenue |
13.3 |
14.0 |
12.8 |
15.0 |
14.3 |
| Central government expenditure |
16.5 |
18.2 |
17.3 |
22.8 |
19.7 |
| Central government balance |
-3.2 |
-4.2 |
-4.5 |
-7.8 |
-5.4 |
| Net public debt |
53.9 |
51.5 |
50.9 |
51.7 |
46.7 |
| Prices and financial indicators | |||||
| Exchange Rates PRs:US$ (end-period) |
59.83 |
60.92 |
61.22 |
79.10 |
84.26 |
| Consumer Prices (end-period; % change) |
8.5 |
8.9 |
8.8 |
24.0 |
11.5 |
| Stock of money M2 (end-period; % change) |
16.5 |
14.6 |
19.5 |
19.0 |
20.4 |
| Lending interest rate (av; %) |
8.2 |
9.9 |
10.2 |
12.4 |
13.3 |
| Current Account (US$m) | |||||
| Trade Balance |
-6,340 |
-9,647 |
-10,640 |
-16,769 |
-9,419 |
| Goods: exports fob |
15,433 |
17,049 |
18,188 |
21,328 |
18,962 |
| Goods: imports fob |
-21,773 |
-26,696 |
-28,775 |
-38,097 |
-28,380 |
| Services Balance |
-3,830 |
-4,912 |
-5,044 |
-5,363 |
-2,701 |
| Income Balance |
-2,514 |
-3,131 |
-3,740 |
-4,163 |
-3,467 |
| Current-account balance |
-3,605 |
-6,750 |
-8,286 |
-15,402 |
-2,440 |
| External Debt (US$m) | |||||
| Debt stock |
33,173 |
35,909 |
40,680 |
46,335 |
51,812 |
| Debt service paid |
2,425 |
2,281 |
2,600 |
3,917 |
3,425 |
| Principal repayments |
1,698 |
1,427 |
1,504 |
2,891 |
2,456 |
| Interest |
727 |
854 |
1,067 |
1,026 |
970 |
| Debt service due |
2,425 |
2,281 |
2,600 |
3,917 |
3,425 |
| International Reserves (US$m) | |||||
| Total international reserves |
10,948 |
12,816 |
15,689 |
8,903 |
13,770 |
C. Trade
C.1. Pakistan’s Trade with the World
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
| Export (fob) |
16,052 |
16,714 |
19,019 |
21,640 |
19,604 |
| Import (cif) |
25,412 |
34,325 |
40,134 |
46,136 |
36,511 |
| Trade Volume |
41,464 |
51,039 |
59,153 |
67,776 |
56,115 |
| Trade Balance |
-9,360 |
-17,611 |
-21,115 |
-24,496 |
-16,907 |
| World Trade (US$ Bn) |
21,058 |
24,294 |
27,845 |
32,215 |
24,948 |
| Share |
0.19% |
0.21% |
0.21% |
0.21% |
0.22% |
C.2. Pakistan’s trade with D-8 Countries
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
| Export (fob) |
950.58 |
856.68 |
1,080.69 |
1,345.62 |
1,329.34 |
| Import (cif) |
2,169.74 |
2,570.19 |
3,430.95 |
4,149.68 |
3,259.76 |
| Trade Volume |
3,120.32 |
3,426.87 |
4,511.64 |
5,495.3 |
4,589.1 |
| Trade Balance |
-1,219.16 |
-1,713.51 |
-2,350.26 |
-2,804.06 |
-1,930.42 |
| D-8 Intra Trade |
41,537.19 |
49,806.52 |
66,828.03 |
78,382.2 |
66,947.63 |
| Share |
7.5% |
6.9% |
6.75% |
7.01% |
6.8% |
C.3. Pakistan’s Trade by 10 Main Commodities
C.3.1. Export by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
| 1. | Cotton |
2,978.80 |
3,428.95 |
3,601.01 |
3,439.59 |
3,595.60 |
| 2. | Other made textile articles, sets, worn clothing etc |
2,352.56 |
3,070.76 |
3,242.51 |
3,179.48 |
3,145.52 |
| 3. | Cereals |
683.07 |
1,100.58 |
1,152.34 |
1,244.15 |
2,507.89 |
| 4. | Articles of apparel, accessories, knit or crochet |
1,665.38 |
1,655.11 |
1,902.21 |
1,851.00 |
1,888.46 |
| 5. | Articles of apparel, accessories, not knit or crochet |
933.03 |
1,329.66 |
1,348.32 |
1,371.04 |
1,361.17 |
| 6. | Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
362.28 |
674.68 |
841.23 |
994.42 |
1,229.77 |
| 7. | Articles of leather, animal gut, harness, travel goods |
496.70 |
692.68 |
680.37 |
691.62 |
766.85 |
| 8. | Salt, sulphur, earth, stone, plaster, lime and cement |
44.46 |
112.64 |
127.39 |
251.73 |
601.00 |
| 9. | Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather |
285.84 |
306.70 |
317.72 |
391.88 |
383.11 |
| 10. | Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, etc |
81.93 |
110.48 |
112.95 |
155.29 |
317.13 |
C.3.2 Import by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
| 1. | Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
3,903.22 |
5,299.35 |
7,680.29 |
8,350.33 |
14,054.22 |
| 2. | Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, etc |
2,274,.43 |
3,107.29 |
3,343.97 |
3,262.44 |
3,923.99 |
| 3. | Electrical, electronic equipment |
1,025.28 |
2,519.99 |
3,081.30 |
3,448.24 |
3,782.30 |
| 4. | Animal,vegetable fats and oils, cleavage products, etc |
797.70 |
863.88 |
878.79 |
1,301.20 |
1,879.79 |
| 5. | Organic chemicals |
1,294.61 |
1,266.36 |
1,177.94 |
1,569.80 |
1,761.36 |
| 6. | Cereals |
253.72 |
161.37 |
132.19 |
110.95 |
1,690.31 |
| 7. | Iron and steel |
698.53 |
1,442.53 |
1,392.83 |
1,543.03 |
1,629.42 |
| 8. | Plastics and articles thereof |
713.92 |
998.64 |
1,128.63 |
1,280.70 |
1,360.02 |
| 9. | Cotton |
641.42 |
517.54 |
428.93 |
917.84 |
1,208.58 |
| 10. | Vehicles other than railway, tramway |
768.55 |
1,493.08 |
1,732.66 |
1,418.88 |
1,184.23 |
C.4 Export and Import by Main Destination Country
Export by Main Destination Country (% of total)
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| United States of America |
24.8 |
25.7 |
21.6 |
18 |
18.3 |
| United Arab Emirates |
7.8 |
7.3 |
11.9 |
9.9 |
8.8 |
| Afghanistan |
6.6 |
5.9 |
4.7 |
7.1 |
7.8 |
| China |
2.7 |
3 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
5.7 |
| United Kingdom |
5.7 |
5.5 |
5.4 |
4.9 |
5.4 |
| Others |
37.6 |
52.6 |
53 |
56.5 |
54 |
Import by Main Origin Country (% of total)
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| China |
9.4 |
9.8 |
12.8 |
11.2 |
12 |
| Saudi Arabia |
10.6 |
10.2 |
12.3 |
14.1 |
11.1 |
| United Arab Emirates |
9.9 |
11.4 |
8.5 |
8.9 |
10.6 |
| Kuwait |
5 |
6.3 |
5.7 |
8.1 |
5.7 |
| United States of America |
6.1 |
6.3 |
8 |
4.9 |
5.7 |
| Others |
59 |
56 |
52.7 |
52.8 |
54.9 |
D. Foreign Direct Investment (Overview, selected years)
|
US$ Mn |
FDI Flows |
FDI Stocks |
||||||||
|
1990-2000 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
| Inward |
463 |
2,201 |
4,273 |
5,590 |
5,438 |
1,892 |
5,408 |
6,919 |
25,621 |
31,059 |
| Outward |
5 |
44 |
109 |
99 |
46 |
245 |
266 |
489 |
1,238 |
1,284 |
E. Agriculture: Food Commodities
|
US$ Mn |
2007 |
2008 |
| Export |
5,004.36 |
4,003.67 |
| Import |
3,222.59 |
5,578.82 |
| Trade Volume |
8,226.95 |
9,582.49 |
| Trade Balance |
1,781.77 |
-1,575.15 |
| D-8 Total Trade |
67,978.23 |
101,328.20 |
| Share to D-8 Total Trade |
12.10% |
9.45% |
F. Energy
F.1 Oil
|
Petroleum (Thousand Barrels per Day) |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
| Total Oil Production |
67.93 |
64.33 |
66.59 |
68.22 |
67.98 |
68.39 |
69.10 |
| Crude Oil Production |
64.27 |
60 |
62 |
65.63 |
65.67 |
65.19 |
65.34 |
| Consumption |
356 |
337 |
327 |
345 |
359 |
390 |
F 390 |
| Net Exports/Imports(-) |
-288 |
-272 |
-260 |
-277 |
-291 |
F - 322 |
F - 322 |
| Refinery Capacity |
239 |
234 |
269 |
269 |
269 |
269 |
269 |
| Proved Reserves (Billion Barrels) |
0.298 |
0.31 |
0.289 |
0.289 |
0.289 |
0.289 |
0.289 |
F.2 Natural Gas
|
Natural Gas (Billion Cubic Feet)
|
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
| Production |
2.4 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
| Consumption |
2.4 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
| Net Exports/Imports |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Proved Reserves (TCM) |
0.76 |
0.79 |
0.80 |
0.85 |
0.85 |
0.85 |
0.85 |
F.3 Renewable Energy
|
Country |
Renewable Indicator |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
Pakistan |
Electricity Generation (Billion Kwh) |
25.41 |
30.55 |
31.63 |
28.42 |
27.73 |
| Electricity Consumption (Billion Kwh) |
25.41 |
30.55 |
31.63 |
28.42 |
27.73 |
|
| Bio-fuels Production (Thousands Barrel/day) |
0 |
0 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
|
| Bio-fuels Consumption (Thousands Barrel/day) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
F.3.1 Renewable Electric Generation by Type (Billion Kilowatt-hours)
|
Country |
Renewable Product |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
|
Pakistan |
Hydroelectric |
25.41 |
30.55 |
31.63 |
28.42 |
27.73 |
|
|
Non-Hydroelectric Renewable |
Geothermal |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Wind |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
| Solar, Tide and Wave |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
| Biomass and Waste |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
F.3.2 Renewable Bio-fuels Production by Type (Thousand Barrels per Day)
|
Country |
Renewable Product |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
Pakistan |
Fuel Ethanol |
0 |
0 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
| Bio-diesels |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
