Malaysia
MALAYSIA
A. General Info:
| Official Name | Federation of Malaysia |
| Capital | Kuala Lumpur |
| Main Cities | Kuala Lumpur, Subang Jaya, Klang, Johor Baru, Ampang Jaya |
| Languages | Malay (official), Chinese, English, Tamil, Iban, Banjar, |
| Government | Federated constitutional monarchy |
| Independence | From UK ( 31 August 1957), Federation (16 September 1963) |
| Area | 330, 252 sq km |
| Population | 28, 310,000 (Sept. 2008) |
| Currency | Ringgit |
| Climate | Tropical |
| Measures | Metric system (official) |
| Time Zone | 7 hours ahead of GMT |
| Main Airports | Kuala Lumpur Int’l Airport, Penang Int’l Airport, Langkawi Int’l Airport |
| Main Harbors | George Town, Port Dicson, Port Klang |
B. Economic Indicators
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| GDP | |||||
| Nominal GDP (US$bn) |
138.0 |
156.6 |
186.1 |
221.6 |
191.3 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) |
5.3 |
5.8 |
6.2 |
4.6 |
-1.7 |
| Expenditure on GDP (% real change) | |||||
| Private Consumption |
9.1 |
6.8 |
10.4 |
8.5 |
0.8 |
| Government Consumption |
6.5 |
5.0 |
6.5 |
10.9 |
3.7 |
| Gross fixed Investment |
5.0 |
7.5 |
9.6 |
0.8 |
-5.5 |
| Export of goods & services |
8.3 |
6.6 |
4.5 |
1.3 |
-10.1 |
| Import of goods & services |
8.9 |
8.1 |
6.0 |
1.9 |
-12.5 |
| Origin of GDP (%real change) | |||||
| Agriculture |
2.6 |
5.2 |
1.4 |
4.0 |
0.4 |
| Industry |
3.5 |
4.5 |
3.0 |
0.9 |
-7.0 |
| Services |
7.3 |
7.5 |
9.7 |
7.3 |
2.6 |
| GDP per capita (US$ at PPP) |
11,531 |
12,362 |
13,238 |
13,862 |
13,514 |
| Fiscal Indicator (% of GDP) | |||||
| Public sector balance |
-3.6 |
-3.3 |
-3.2 |
-4.8 |
-7.0 |
| Public sector debt interest payments |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
| Public sector primary balance |
-1.4 |
-1.2 |
-1.2 |
-3.1 |
-4.9 |
| Net public debt |
43.8 |
42.2 |
41.7 |
41.5 |
51.4 |
| Prices and financial indicators | |||||
| Exchange Rates M$:US$ (end-period) |
3.78 |
3.53 |
3.31 |
3.46 |
3.42 |
| Consumer Prices (end period; % change) |
3.3 |
3.1 |
2.4 |
4.4 |
1.1 |
| Stock of money M1 (% change) |
8.7 |
12.2 |
18.7 |
9.0 |
9.3 |
| Stock of money M2 (% change) |
6.3 |
11.5 |
10.5 |
11.3 |
8.9 |
| Lending interest rate (av; %) |
6.1 |
6.6 |
6.3 |
5.9 |
4.8 |
| Current Account (US$m) | |||||
| Trade Balance |
33,156 |
37,441 |
37,190 |
51,261 |
38,291 |
| Goods: exports fob |
141,808 |
160,916 |
176,433 |
199,733 |
157,632 |
| Goods: imports fob |
-108,653 |
-123,474 |
-139,243 |
-148,472 |
-119,339 |
| Services Balance |
-2,380 |
-1,970 |
690 |
51 |
382 |
| Income Balance |
-6,318 |
-4,712 |
-4,055 |
-7,137 |
-3,229 |
| Current-account balance |
19,980 |
26,200 |
29,243 |
38,914 |
30,907 |
| External Debt (US$m) | |||||
| Debt stock |
51,981 |
56,491 |
53,717 |
54,597 |
48,559 |
| Debt service paid |
9,389 |
7,630 |
10,006 |
8,786 |
9,978 |
| Principal repayments |
7,192 |
5,269 |
7,818 |
7,026 |
8,343 |
| Interest |
2,197 |
2,362 |
2,189 |
1,760 |
1,635 |
| International Reserves (US$m) | |||||
| Total international reserves |
69,917 |
7,630 |
10,006 |
8,786 |
9,978 |
C. Trade
C.1. Malaysia’s Trade with the World
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
| Export (fob) |
140,980 |
160,659 |
176,213 |
199,510 |
164,721 |
| Import (cif) |
113,619 |
130,487 |
146,992 |
156,932 |
133,243 |
| Trade Volume |
254,599 |
291,146 |
323,205 |
356,442 |
297,964 |
| Trade Balance |
27,361 |
30,172 |
29,221 |
42,578 |
31,478 |
| World Trade (US$ Bn) |
21,058 |
24,294 |
27,845 |
32,215 |
24,948 |
| Share |
1.21% |
1.20% |
1.16% |
1.106% |
1.19% |
C.2. Malaysia’s trade with D-8 Countries
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
| Export (fob) |
6,007.55 |
6,825.21 |
8,935.08 |
11,071.83 |
10,026.8 |
| Import (cif) |
4,923.23 |
5,747.99 |
6,980.95 |
8,504.77 |
5,808.12 |
| Trade Volume |
10,930.88 |
12,573.2 |
15,916.03 |
19,576.6 |
15,834.92 |
| Trade Balance |
1,084.32 |
1,077.22 |
1,954.13 |
2,567.06 |
4,218.68 |
| D-8 Intra Trade |
41,537.19 |
49,806.52 |
66,828.03 |
78,382.2 |
66,947.63 |
| Share |
26.31% |
25.24% |
23.81% |
24.97% |
23.80% |
C.3. Malaysia’s Trade by 10 Main Commodities
C.3.1. Export by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
1. |
Electrical, electronic equipment |
48,194.71 |
49,987.49 |
51,544.43 |
50,883.80 |
45,187.31 |
|
2. |
Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, etc |
27,233.90 |
32,682.65 |
33,040.33 |
33,076.85 |
26,229.69 |
|
3. |
Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
18,987.78 |
22,064.14 |
25,106.40 |
36,299.51 |
23,251.21 |
|
4. |
Animal, vegetable fats and oils, cleavage products, etc |
6,079.94 |
6,971.74 |
10,783.72 |
16,488.33 |
11,979.92 |
|
5. |
Rubber and articles thereof |
3,408.94 |
4,826.66 |
5,230.99 |
6,280.61 |
4,824.27 |
|
6. |
Plastics and articles thereof |
3,829.57 |
4,474.98 |
5,208.84 |
5,788.73 |
4,703.61 |
|
7. |
Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal |
4,048.70 |
4,656.24 |
4,665.22 |
4,733.82 |
3,766.84 |
|
8. |
Optical, photo, technical, medical, etc apparatus |
3,224.77 |
3,993.74 |
4,115.68 |
4,457.93 |
3,625.07 |
|
9. |
Articles of iron or steel |
1,627.78 |
2,239.77 |
2,185.13 |
2,898.38 |
2,527.60 |
|
10. |
Organic chemicals |
2,714.35 |
2,551.73 |
3,162.10 |
3,375.43 |
2,491.10 |
C.3.2 Import by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
1. |
Electrical, electronic equipment |
42,389.92 |
47,493.56 |
49,686.96 |
48,288.15 |
37,387.51 |
|
2. |
Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, etc |
18,222.41 |
19,285.35 |
21,965.29 |
21,561.24 |
18,812.98 |
|
3. |
Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
9,227.58 |
11,745.56 |
12,885.35 |
17,013.29 |
10,147.88 |
|
4. |
Vehicles other than railway, tramway |
3,118.15 |
3,124.30 |
3,191.29 |
4,031.73 |
3,843.93 |
|
5. |
Plastics and articles thereof |
3,552.85 |
4,668.12 |
4,850.42 |
4,801.90 |
3,786.51 |
|
6. |
Iron and steel |
3,652.25 |
4,212.46 |
5,698.23 |
6,531.56 |
3,648.98 |
|
7. |
Optical, photo, technical, medical, etc apparatus |
3,135.54 |
3,866.85 |
3,768.73 |
4,464.80 |
3,620.94 |
|
8. |
Articles of iron or steel |
2,163.81 |
2,438.33 |
2,814.34 |
3,550.98 |
2,645.36 |
|
9. |
Pearls, precious stones, metals, coins, etc |
1,598.77 |
1,930.83 |
2,596.60 |
3,288.10 |
2,596.33 |
|
10. |
Organic chemicals |
2,310.65 |
2,387.51 |
2,935.36 |
2,935.10 |
2,464.94 |
C.4 Export and Import by Main Destination Country
Export by Main Destination Country (% of total)
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| Singapore |
15.6 |
15.4 |
14.6 |
14.7 |
14 |
| China |
6.6 |
7.2 |
8.8 |
9.5 |
12.2 |
| United States of America |
19.6 |
18.8 |
15.6 |
12.5 |
11 |
| Japan |
9.4 |
8.9 |
9.1 |
10.8 |
9.8 |
| Thailand |
5.4 |
5.3 |
5 |
4.8 |
5.4 |
| Hong Kong (SARC) |
5.8 |
4.9 |
4.6 |
4.3 |
5.2 |
| Others |
37.6 |
39.5 |
42.3 |
43.4 |
42.4 |
Import by Main Origin Country (% of total)
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| China |
11.5 |
12.1 |
12.9 |
12.8 |
14 |
| Japan |
14.5 |
13.2 |
13 |
12.5 |
12.5 |
| United States of America |
12.9 |
12.5 |
10.8 |
10.8 |
11.2 |
| Singapore |
11.7 |
11.7 |
11.5 |
10.9 |
11 |
| Thailand |
5.3 |
5.5 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
6.1 |
| Indonesia |
3.8 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
4.6 |
5.3 |
| Others |
40.3 |
51.2 |
42.2 |
42.8 |
39.9 |
D. Foreign Direct Investment (Overview, selected years)
|
US$ Mn |
FDI Flows |
FDI Stocks |
||||||||
|
1990-2000 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
| Inward |
4,722 |
4,064 |
6,060 |
8,401 |
8,053 |
10,318 |
28,731 |
52,747 |
76,612 |
73,262 |
| Outward |
1,550 |
2,972 |
6,084 |
11,087 |
14,059 |
753 |
5,123 |
15,878 |
58,233 |
67,580 |
E. Agriculture: Food Commodities
|
US$ Mn |
2007 |
2008 |
| Export |
12,445.64 |
18,530.86 |
| Import |
5,697.10 |
7,536.97 |
| Trade Volume |
18,142.74 |
26,067.83 |
| Trade Balance |
6,748.54 |
10,993,89 |
| D-8 Total Trade |
67,978.23 |
101,328.20 |
| Share to D-8 Total Trade |
26.69% |
25.72% |
F. Energy
F.1 Oil
|
Petroleum (Thousand Barrels per Day) |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
| Total Oil Production |
757 |
776 |
793 |
744 |
717 |
743 |
754 |
| Consumption |
482 |
473 |
485 |
469 |
459 |
481 |
475 |
| Net Exports/Imports |
275 |
303 |
308 |
275 |
258 |
262 |
279 |
| Proved reserved (billion barrels) |
4.5 |
4.8 |
5.2 |
5.3 |
5.4 |
5.5 |
5.5 |
F.2 Natural Gas
|
Natural Gas (Billion Cubic Feet/day) |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
| Total Production |
4.7 |
5.0 |
5.2 |
5.8 |
5.8 |
5.9 |
6.0 |
| Consumption |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
| Net Exports/Imports |
2.1 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
| Proved reserved
(trillion cubic meters, TCM) |
2.52 |
2.46 |
2.46 |
2.48 |
2.48 |
2.39 |
2.39 |
F.3 Renewable Energy
|
Country |
Renewable Indicator |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
Malaysia |
Electricity Generation (Billion Kwh) |
5.77 |
5.13 |
6.38 |
6.42 |
6.70 |
| Electricity Consumption (Billion Kwh) |
5.77 |
5.13 |
6.38 |
6.42 |
6.70 |
|
| Bio-fuels Production (Thousands Barrel/day) |
0 |
3.26 |
6.36 |
7.82 |
8.19 |
|
| Bio-fuels Consumption (Thousands Barrel/day) |
0 |
1.56 |
2.35 |
0.94 |
0.48 |
F.3.1 Renewable Electric Generation by Type (Billion Kilowatt-hours)
|
Country |
Renewable Product |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
|
Malaysia |
Hydroelectric |
5.77 |
5.135 |
6.38 |
6.425 |
6.705 |
|
|
Non-Hydroelectric Renewable |
Geothermal |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Wind |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
| Solar, Tide and Wave |
0.001 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
0 |
0.001 |
||
| Biomass and Waste |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
F.3.2 Renewable Bio-fuels Production by Type (Thousand Barrels per Day)
|
Country |
Renewable Product |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
Malaysia |
Fuel Ethanol |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Bio-diesels |
0 |
3.3 |
6.4 |
7.8 |
8.2 |
