Iran
IRAN
A. General Info:
| Official Name | Islamic Republic of Iran |
| Capital | Tehran |
| Main Cities | Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Tabriz, Shiraz |
| Languages | Persian |
| Government | Islamic Republic |
| Unification | Islamic Republic Declared, 1 April 1979 |
| Area | 1,648,195 km2 |
| Population | 75,330,000 (2011 est.) |
| Currency | Iranian Rial (IRR) |
| Climate | Arid/Semiraid to Subtropical |
| Time Zone | IRST (UTC +3:30), Summer/IRDT (UTC +4:30) |
| Main Airports | Tehran (Imam Khomeini Int. Airport, Mehrabad Int. Airport), Isfahan (Isfahan Shahid Bahesti Int. Airport), Bandar Abbas (Bandar Abbas), Mashhad (Mashhad Int. Airport), Shiraz (Shiraz Int. Airport), Tabriz (Tabriz Int. Airport), Zahedan (Zahedan, Int. Airport) |
| Main Harbors | Persian Gulf (Khorramshahr, Bandar-e Khomeini, Bandar ‘Abbas, and Bushehr)
Caspian Sea (Bandar Anzeli (formerly Bandar Pahlavi), Naushahr) Kharg Island (a principal target in the war with Iraq) as the oil shipment ports and Abadan. |
Source: National sources, 2011
B. Economic Indicators:
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
| GDP | ||||||
| Nominal GDP (US$m) |
189,348 |
222,881 |
286,058 |
337,343 |
361,247 |
416,710 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) |
4.7 |
5.8 |
7.8 |
6.5 |
0.5 |
2.9 |
| Expenditure on GDP (% real change) | ||||||
| Private Consumption |
6.6 |
6.2 |
9.1 |
8.5 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
| Government Consumption |
11.6 |
7.4 |
-4.3 |
5.0 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
| Gross fixed Investment |
5.1 |
3.3 |
6.0 |
5.8 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
| Export of goods & services |
8.7 |
2.0 |
6.0 |
4.0 |
-4.0 |
0.8 |
| Import of goods & services |
4.0 |
4.0 |
8.3 |
9.0 |
6.2 |
6.0 |
| Origin of GDP (%real change) | ||||||
| Agriculture |
9.3 |
4.7 |
6.2 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
4.0 |
| Industry |
4.7 |
6.9 |
7.9 |
4.5 |
4.0 |
4.3 |
| Services |
5.6 |
6.5 |
6.8 |
5.8 |
-2.5 |
1.6 |
| GDP per capita (US$ at PPP) |
8,967 |
9,689 |
10,619 |
11,418 |
11,485 |
11,840 |
| Fiscal Indicator (% of GDP) | ||||||
| Public-sector revenue |
55.9 |
39.4 |
35.5 |
35.9 |
26.9 |
26.8 |
| Public-sector expenditure |
42.1 |
27.5 |
21.4 |
22.4 |
23.6 |
21.0 |
| Public-sector balance |
-3.6 |
-7.2 |
-3.6 |
-3.5 |
-5.2 |
-3.8 |
| Net Public debt |
27.0 |
24.6 |
21.0 |
17.3 |
17.8 |
17.0 |
| Prices and financial indicators | ||||||
| Exchange Rates IR:US$ (av.) |
8,964 |
9,171 |
9,281 |
9,429 |
9,864 |
10,062 |
| Exchange Rates IR:US$ (end-period) |
9,091 |
9,223 |
9,282 |
9,825 |
9,984 |
10,112 |
| Consumer Prices (av.; %) |
13.4 |
11.6 |
17.1 |
25.4 |
13.5 |
11.8 |
| Stock of money M1 (% change) |
22.8 |
25.9 |
30.5 |
16.9 |
6.8 |
8.0 |
| Stock of money M2 (% change) |
22.8 |
29.1 |
30.6 |
19.1 |
15.0 |
17.0 |
| Lending interest rate (av; %) |
16.2 |
14.0 |
12.5 |
12.0 |
12.0 |
12.5 |
| Current Account (US$m) | ||||||
| Trade Balance |
21,281 |
26,035 |
40,819 |
32,039 |
13,164 |
31,962 |
| Goods: exports fob |
64,366 |
76,055 |
97,401 |
100,572 |
70,323 |
102,263 |
| Goods: imports cif |
-43,085 |
-50,020 |
-56,582 |
-68,533 |
-57,159 |
-70,300 |
| Services Balance |
-7,567 |
-9,794 |
-11,230 |
-13,907 |
-11,613 |
-11,701 |
| Income Balance |
2,007 |
3,529 |
4,638 |
2,313 |
314 |
211 |
| Current-account balance |
16,637 |
20,402 |
34,081 |
23,987 |
2,713 |
12,399 |
| External Debt (US$m) | ||||||
| Debt stock |
21,867 |
19,375 |
21,069 |
13,938 |
12,712 |
12,062 |
| Debt service paid |
2,814 |
2,748 |
2,932 |
2,794 |
2,030 |
1,967 |
| International Reserves (US$m) | ||||||
| Total international reserves |
45,459 |
58,459 |
82,059 |
96,559 |
81,309 |
75,060 |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C. Trade
C.1. Iran’s Trade with the World
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export (fob) |
55,232 |
75,801 |
89,025 |
116,940 |
68,681 |
102,263 |
| Import (cif) |
38,904 |
40,686 |
45,168 |
70,115 |
60,069 |
70,300 |
| Trade Volume |
94,136 |
116,487 |
134,193 |
187,055 |
128,750 |
172,562 |
| Trade Balance |
16,328 |
35,115 |
43,857 |
46,825 |
8,612 |
31,962 |
| World Trade (US$ Bn) |
21,058 |
24,294 |
27,845 |
32,215 |
24,948 |
28,143 |
| Share |
0.44% |
0.47% |
0.48% |
0.58% |
0.51% |
0.61% |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C.2. Iran’s trade with D-8 Countries
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export (fob) |
3,917.36 |
6,210.09 |
7,044.74 |
9,136.44 |
4,120.20 |
9,091 |
| Import (cif) |
1,562.82 |
1,522.14 |
1,993.78 |
4,091.15 |
3,789.19 |
5,459 |
| Trade Volume |
5,480.18 |
7,732.23 |
9,038.52 |
13,227.59 |
7,090.39 |
14,550 |
| Trade Balance |
2,354.54 |
4,687.95 |
5,050.96 |
5,045.29 |
331.01 |
3,632 |
| D-8 Intra Trade |
41,537.19 |
49,806.52 |
66,828.03 |
78,382.2 |
66,947.63 |
101,139 |
| Share |
13.19% |
15.52% |
13.52% |
16.87% |
10.59% |
14.38% |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C.3. Iran’s Trade by 10 Main Commodities
C.3.1. Export by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
52,678.8 |
69,449.3 |
93,873.8 |
56,216.4 |
64,271.4 |
|
|
2. |
Organic chemicals |
660.6 |
1,804.6 |
3,619.7 |
2,325.1 |
2,904.6 |
|
3. |
Plastics and articles thereof |
797.6 |
537.8 |
604.7 |
1,200.5 |
2,296.7 |
|
4. |
Ores, slag and ash |
301.9 |
1,045.4 |
1,596.8 |
1,109.6 |
2,141.4 |
|
5. |
Edible fruit, nuts, peel of citrus fruit, melons |
1,493.6 |
1,042.4 |
1,009.5 |
680.7 |
747.7 |
|
6. |
Copper and articles thereof |
597.6 |
862.5 |
720.8 |
465.1 |
677.7 |
|
7. |
Aluminium and articles thereof |
248.6 |
217.6 |
318.2 |
287.9 |
370.1 |
|
8. |
Iron and steel |
1,115.1 |
959.5 |
796.5 |
311.2 |
301.3 |
|
9. |
Salt, sulphur, earth, stone, plaster, lime and cement |
165.3 |
389.9 |
801.4 |
249.6 |
288.8 |
|
10. |
Carpets and other textile floor coverings |
597.6 |
374.1 |
267 |
211.1 |
241.5 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
C.3.2. Export by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
1. |
Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers, etc |
1,547.6 |
8,949.7 |
10,323.1 |
9,787.5 |
10,693.1 |
|
2. |
Iron and steel |
797.8 |
6,907.3 |
6,199.2 |
4,743.3 |
4,952.3 |
|
3. |
Vehicles other than railway, tramway |
622.9 |
5,281.3 |
6,186.6 |
3,382.9 |
4,747.5 |
|
4. |
Electrical, electronic equipment |
894.8 |
4,164.6 |
4,782.4 |
3,762.2 |
3,596.1 |
|
5. |
Plastics and articles thereof |
212.1 |
1,810.4 |
1,939.6 |
1,585.1 |
2,045.8 |
|
6. |
Articles of iron or steel |
603.5 |
1,937.5 |
2,470.4 |
2,422.5 |
1,986 |
|
7. |
Optical, photo, technical, medical, etc apparatus |
252.1 |
1,090.3 |
1,373.6 |
1,428.3 |
1,489.3 |
|
8. |
Pharmaceutical products |
204.5 |
794.1 |
926.8 |
1017.2 |
1,058.1 |
|
9 |
Meat and edible meat offal |
10 |
237.8 |
369.4 |
365.1 |
952.2 |
|
10. |
Paper & paperboard, articles of pulp, paper and board |
84.9 |
859.1 |
851.9 |
738.5 |
807.4 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
C.4 Export and Import by Main Destination Country
Export by Main Destination Country (% of total)
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
| China |
10.2 |
22.5 |
14.5 |
20.6 |
18.5 |
19.2 |
| Japan |
28.4 |
23.9 |
13.3 |
18.2 |
15.3 |
16.7 |
| South Korea |
0.2 |
0.3 |
6.2 |
5.2 |
7.1 |
7.5 |
| Turkey |
0.6 |
0.5 |
7.7 |
4.3 |
6.9 |
7.5 |
| Italy |
10.3 |
10.7 |
6.6 |
5.2 |
4.9 |
5.4 |
| Others |
39.4 |
42.1 |
51.7 |
46.5 |
47.3 |
43.7 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
Import by Main Origin Country (% of total)
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
| China |
10.2 |
12.4 |
14.3 |
14.0 |
13.3 |
13.8 |
| Germany |
9.0 |
9.2 |
9.8 |
9.8 |
9.6 |
9.3 |
| UAE |
8.2 |
8.4 |
8.4 |
8.5 |
8.9 |
8.6 |
| South Korea |
5.2 |
5.5 |
5.9 |
6.0 |
6.4 |
6.5 |
| Russia |
4.3 |
5.0 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
| Others |
63.1 |
59.5 |
56.2 |
56.3 |
56.2 |
56.3 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
D. Foreign Direct Investment (Overview, selected years)
|
US$ Mn |
FDI Flows |
FDI Stocks |
||||||||
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
1995 |
2000 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| Inward |
3,136 |
1,626 |
1,658 |
1,492 |
3,016 |
2,287 |
2,597 |
19,319 |
20,811 |
23,983 |
| Outward |
452 |
386 |
302 |
380 |
356 |
-18 |
572 |
1,473 |
1,853 |
2,208 |
Source: UNCTAD, 2011
E. Agriculture: Food Commodities
|
US$ Mn |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export |
235 |
73,2 |
49.25 |
| Import |
6,163.2 |
4,553.3 |
3,677 |
| Trade Volume |
6,398.2 |
4,626.5 |
3,726.25 |
| Trade Balance |
-5,928.2 |
-4,480.1 |
-3,627.75 |
| Iran’s Total Trade |
135,264.4 |
128,750 |
172,562 |
| Share to Iran’s Total Trade |
4.73% |
3.59% |
2.16% |
Source: WTO, FAO, 2011
F. Energy
F.1 Oil
|
Petroleum (Thousand Barrels per Day) |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Total Oil Production |
4,286 |
4,322 |
4,327 |
4,199 |
4,245 |
| Consumption |
1,728 |
1,718 |
1,822 |
1,787 |
1,799 |
| Refinery |
1,727 |
1,772 |
1,805 |
1,860 |
1,860 |
| Proved reserved (billion barrels) |
138.4 |
138.2 |
137.6 |
137.0 |
137.0 |
Source: BP statistics, 2011
F.2 Natural Gas
| Natural Gas (Billion Cubic Feet/day) | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
2010 |
| Total Production |
10.5 |
10.8 |
11.2 |
12.7 |
13.4 |
| Consumption |
10.5 |
10.9 |
11.5 |
12.7 |
13.2 |
| Proved reserved (trillion cubic meters, TCM) |
26.9 |
28.1 |
29.6 |
29.6 |
29.6 |
Source: BP statistics, 2011
F.3 Others Energy
|
Energy |
Year |
|||
|
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||
| Biofuels production (thousand barrels daily) |
- |
- |
- |
|
| Electricity Generation (Terawatt-hours) |
206.3 |
215.1 |
226.1 |
|
| Renewable Energy (Installed Capacity) | Geothermal (mega-watts) |
- |
- |
- |
| Solar (mega-watts) |
- |
- |
- |
|
| Wind (mega-watts) |
- |
- |
- |
|
Source: BP statistics, 2011
