Indonesia

INDONESIA

Indonesia

A. General Info:

Official Name Republic of Indonesia
Capital Jakarta
Main Cities Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Semarang, Yogyakarta
Languages Indonesian
Government Presidential Republic
Independence From Netherland, 17 August 1945
Area 1,919,440 km2
Population 237,512,352 (July 2008)
Currency Rupiah
Climate Tropical
Measures Metric system
Time Zone Western Zone GMT +7, Central Zone GMT +8, Eastern Zone GMT +9
Main Airports Soekarno-Hatta (Jakarta), Ngurah Rai (Denpasar, Bali), Hang Nadim (Batam), Polonia (Medan), Juanda (Surabaya)
Main Harbors Tanjung Priok (Jakarta), Tanjung Perak (Surabaya), Tanjung Mas (Semarang)

B. Economic Indicators

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

GDP
Nominal GDP (US$bn)

285.9

364.6

432.2

510.5

540.3

Real GDP Growth (%)

5.7

5.5

6.3

6.0

4.5

Expenditure on GDP (% real change)
Private Consumption

4.0

3.2

5.0

5.3

4.9

Government Consumption

6.6

9.6

3.9

10.4

15.7

Gross fixed Investment

10.9

2.6

9.3

11.8

3.3

Export of goods & services

16.6

9.4

8.5

9.5

-9.7

Import of goods & services

17.8

8.6

9.1

10.0

-15.0

Origin of GDP (%real change)
Agriculture

2.7

3.4

3.4

4.9

4.1

Industry

4.7

4.5

4.7

3.7

3.5

Services

7.9

7.3

8.8

8.8

5.7

GDP per capita (US$ at PPP)

3,081

3,314

3,580

3,831

4,009

Recorded unemployment (av; %)

11.2

10.3

9.1

8.4

7.7

Fiscal Indicator (% of GDP)
Central government budget revenue

17.9

19.1

18.0

19.2

17.2

Central government budget expenditure

18.2

20.1

18.7

19.8

18.8

Central government budget balance

-0.4

-1.0

-0.7

-0.6

-1.6

Public debt

34.5

33.0

31.3

28.3

27.4

Prices and financial indicators
Exchange Rates Rp:US$ (end-period)

9,830

9,020

9,419

10,950

9,400

Consumer Prices (end period; % change)

17.1

6.6

5.8

11.1

2.8

Stock of money M1 (% change)

10.2

28.1

29.7

1.5

15.1

Stock of money M2 (% change)

16.4

14.9

19.3

15.0

16.5

Lending interest rate (av; %)

14.1

16.0

13.9

13.6

14.5

Current Account (US$m)
Trade Balance

17,535

29,661

32,754

22,916

35,198

Goods: exports fob

86,995

103,528

118,014

139,606

119,514

Goods: imports cif

-69,463

-73,867

-85,259

-116,690

-84,316

Services Balance

-9,123

-9,875

-11,842

-12,998

-14,155

Income Balance

-12,926

-13,790

-15,524

-15,156

-15,331

Current-account balance

277

10,860

10,492

125

10,582

External Debt (US$m)
Debt stock

132,794

130,800

140,783

147,673

154,932

Debt service paid

16,461

22,931

14,647

16,838

16,973

Principal repayments

12,408

18,635

9,617

11,616

11,868

Interest

4,053

4,296

5,030

5,221

5,106

International Reserves (US$m)
Total international reserves

34,731

42,588

56,924

51,641

66,119

C. Trade

C.1. Indonesia’s Trade with the World

US$ Mn.

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Export (fob)

85,660.0

100,798.6

114,100.9

137,020.4

116,510.0

Import (cif)

57,700.9

61,065.5

74,473.4

129,197.3

96,829.2

Trade Volume

143,360.8

161,864.1

188,574.3

266,217.7

213,339.3

Trade Balance

27,959.1

39,733.2

39,627.5

7,823.1

19,680.8

World Trade (US$ Bn)

21,058

24,294

27,845

32,215

24,948

Share

0.68%

0.66%

0.67%

0.82%

0.85%

C.2. Indonesia’s trade with D-8 Countries

US$ Mn.

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Export (fob)

5,733.47

6,933.00

8,968.28

10,847.55

7,727.31

Import (cif)

3,354.93

3,472.81

7,952.02

10,832.39

7,959.90

Trade Volume

9,088.4

10,405.81

16.920.3

21,679.94

15,687.1

Trade Balance

2,378.54

3,460.19

1,016.26

-15.16

-232.59

D-8 Intra Trade

41,537.19

49,806.52

66,828.03

78,382.2

66,947.63

Share

21.88%

20.89%

25.32%

27.66%

23.43%

C.3. Indonesia’s Trade by 10 Main Commodities

C.3.1. Export by 10 Main commodities (million US$)

No.

Commodity

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

1.

Mineral Fuels, Mineral Oil Products

4.485,6

6.410,0

7.122,5

10.656,2

13.934,0

2.

Animal/Vegetables Fats and Oils

4.950,6

6.069,9

10.226,8

15.624,0

12.219,5

3.

Electric Machinery, etc.

7.321,5

7.287,4

7.515,1

8.120,2

8.020,4

4.

Ores, Slag, ash

3.499,5

4.994,1

5.103,9

4.295,6

5.804,8

5.

Rubber and Articles thereof

3.560,0

5.526,2

6.248,7

7.637,3

4.912,8

6.

Machines app.

4.563,8

4.366,2

4.683,9

5.226,5

4.721,7

7.

Paper, paperboard

2.282,4

2.800,8

3.327,8

3.736,8

3.357,3

8.

Articles of apparel Acc, not knitted/crocheted

3.073,7

3.374,7

3.314,4

3.399,0

3.132,8

9.

Knitted/Crocheted articles

1.825,9

2.159,2

2.316,1

2.617,3

2.528,0

10.

Copper and articles thereof

1.257,5

1.904,4

2.731,7

2.202,5

2.367,1

C.3.2 Import by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)

No.

Commodity

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

1. Machine app.

8.112,9

7.445,8

9.360,5

17.909,9

14.623,1

2. Electric machinery, etc

3.303,5

3.082,0

4.744,7

14.715,0

11.305,3

3. Iron and steel

3.344,9

2.865,1

4.175,0

8.281,9

4.356,6

4. Organic chemical

3.244,2

3.439,2

3.882,9

5.132,7

3.941,1

5. Aircrafts and its parts

479,7

971,3

1.607,3

2.036,9

3.241,5

6. Plastic  and articles thereof

1.748,9

1.855,7

2.193,5

3.941,3

3.210,7

7. Vehicle and its parts

3.073,4

2.455,5

2.422,2

5.839,7

3.151,1

8. Articles of iron and steel

1.482,1

1.261,7

1.370,1

3.335,0

2.784,1

9. Ship, boat and its articles.

328,6

1.501,0

540,0

1.395,8

2.702,0

10. Res. And waste from food industries

824,8

882,7

1.147,5

1.740,6

1.678,8

C.4 Export and Import by Main Destination Country

Export by Main Destination Country (% of total)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Japan

21.1

21.6

20.7

20.2

15.9

China

7.8

8.3

8.5

8.5

9.9

United States of America

11.5

11.2

10.2

9.5

9.3

Singapore

9.1

8.9

9.2

9.4

8.8

Republic of Korea

8.3

7.6

6.6

6.7

7

India

3.4

3.4

4.3

5.2

6.4

Others

-38.8

-39

40.5

40.5

-42.7

Import by Main Origin Country (% of total)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Singapore

16.4

16.4

13.2

16.9

16.1

China

10.1

10.9

11.5

11.8

14.5

Japan

12

9

8.8

11.7

10.2

United States of America

6.7

6.7

6.4

6.1

7.3

Malaysia

3.7

5.2

8.6

6.9

5.9

Republic of Korea

5

4.7

4.3

5.4

4.9

Others

43.1

47.1

47.2

41.2

41.1

D. Foreign Direct Investment (Overview, selected years)

US$ Mn

FDI Flows

FDI Stocks

1990-2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

Inward

1,584

8,336

4,914

6,928

7,919

8,732

20,626

25,060

59,125

67,044

Outward

622

3,065

2,726

4,675

5,900

86

5,896

6,940

21,333

27,233

E. Agriculture: Food Commodities

US$ Mn

2007

2008

Export

13,328.60

19,724.87

Import

5,992.41

7,287.28

Trade Volume

19,321.00

27,012.15

Trade Balance

7,336.18

12,437.59

D-8 Total Trade

67,978.23

101,328.20

Share to D-8 Total Trade

28.42%

26.66%

F. Energy

F.1 Oil

Petroleum

(Thousand Barrels per Day)

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Total Oil Production

1289

1183

1129

1087

1017

969

1004

Crude Oil Production

1249.03

1155.37

1095.64

1066.75

1019.22

963.61

1249.03

Consumption

5,347

5,440

5,269

5,343

5,213

5,039

4,845

Net Exports/Imports

-4,058

-4,257

-4,140

-4,256

-4,196

-4,070

-3,841

Refinery

993

993

993

993

993

993

993

Proved reserved (billion barrels)

4.7

4.7

4.3

4.2

4.4

4.0

3.7

F.2 Natural Gas

Natural Gas

(Billion Cubic Feet/day)

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Total Production

6.7

7.1

6.8

6.9

6.8

6.5

6.7

Consumption

3.2

3.4

3.2

3.4

3.5

3.3

3.7

Net Exports/Imports

3.5

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.0

Proved reserved

(trillion cubic meters, TCM)

2.56

2.56

2.77

2.48

2.63

3.00

3.18

F.3 Renewable Energy

Country

Renewable Indicator

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Indonesia

Electricity Generation (Billion Kwh)

15.91

16.94

15.88

17.87

18.85

Electricity Consumption (Billion Kwh)

15.91

16.94

15.88

17.87

18.85

Bio-fuels Production (Thousands Barrel/day)

0

0.2

1.52

2.59

3.47

Bio-fuels Consumption (Thousands Barrel/day)

0

0.04

0.58

0.58

0.35

F.3.1 Renewable Electric Generation by Type (Billion Kilowatt-hours)

Country

Renewable Product

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Indonesia

Hydroelectric

9.57

10.65

9.53

11.17

11.88

Non-Hydroelectric Renewable

Geothermal

6.32

6.27

6.32

6.67

6.7

Wind

0

0

0

0

0

Solar, Tide and Wave

0

0

0

0

0

Biomass and Waste

0.02

0.021

0.03

0.034

0.27

F.3.2 Renewable Bio-fuels Production by Type (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Country

Renewable Product

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Indonesia

Fuel Ethanol

0

0

0.1

0.2

0.2

Bio-diesels

0

0.2

1.5

2.6

3.5