Indonesia
INDONESIA
A. General Info:
| Official Name | Republic of Indonesia |
| Capital | Jakarta |
| Main Cities | Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Semarang, Yogyakarta |
| Languages | Indonesian |
| Government | Presidential Republic |
| Independence | From Netherland, 17 August 1945 |
| Area | 1,919,440 km2 |
| Population | 237,512,352 (July 2008) |
| Currency | Rupiah |
| Climate | Tropical |
| Measures | Metric system |
| Time Zone | Western Zone GMT +7, Central Zone GMT +8, Eastern Zone GMT +9 |
| Main Airports | Soekarno-Hatta (Jakarta), Ngurah Rai (Denpasar, Bali), Hang Nadim (Batam), Polonia (Medan), Juanda (Surabaya) |
| Main Harbors | Tanjung Priok (Jakarta), Tanjung Perak (Surabaya), Tanjung Mas (Semarang) |
B. Economic Indicators
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| GDP | |||||
| Nominal GDP (US$bn) |
285.9 |
364.6 |
432.2 |
510.5 |
540.3 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) |
5.7 |
5.5 |
6.3 |
6.0 |
4.5 |
| Expenditure on GDP (% real change) | |||||
| Private Consumption |
4.0 |
3.2 |
5.0 |
5.3 |
4.9 |
| Government Consumption |
6.6 |
9.6 |
3.9 |
10.4 |
15.7 |
| Gross fixed Investment |
10.9 |
2.6 |
9.3 |
11.8 |
3.3 |
| Export of goods & services |
16.6 |
9.4 |
8.5 |
9.5 |
-9.7 |
| Import of goods & services |
17.8 |
8.6 |
9.1 |
10.0 |
-15.0 |
| Origin of GDP (%real change) | |||||
| Agriculture |
2.7 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
4.9 |
4.1 |
| Industry |
4.7 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
| Services |
7.9 |
7.3 |
8.8 |
8.8 |
5.7 |
| GDP per capita (US$ at PPP) |
3,081 |
3,314 |
3,580 |
3,831 |
4,009 |
| Recorded unemployment (av; %) |
11.2 |
10.3 |
9.1 |
8.4 |
7.7 |
| Fiscal Indicator (% of GDP) | |||||
| Central government budget revenue |
17.9 |
19.1 |
18.0 |
19.2 |
17.2 |
| Central government budget expenditure |
18.2 |
20.1 |
18.7 |
19.8 |
18.8 |
| Central government budget balance |
-0.4 |
-1.0 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-1.6 |
| Public debt |
34.5 |
33.0 |
31.3 |
28.3 |
27.4 |
| Prices and financial indicators | |||||
| Exchange Rates Rp:US$ (end-period) |
9,830 |
9,020 |
9,419 |
10,950 |
9,400 |
| Consumer Prices (end period; % change) |
17.1 |
6.6 |
5.8 |
11.1 |
2.8 |
| Stock of money M1 (% change) |
10.2 |
28.1 |
29.7 |
1.5 |
15.1 |
| Stock of money M2 (% change) |
16.4 |
14.9 |
19.3 |
15.0 |
16.5 |
| Lending interest rate (av; %) |
14.1 |
16.0 |
13.9 |
13.6 |
14.5 |
| Current Account (US$m) | |||||
| Trade Balance |
17,535 |
29,661 |
32,754 |
22,916 |
35,198 |
| Goods: exports fob |
86,995 |
103,528 |
118,014 |
139,606 |
119,514 |
| Goods: imports cif |
-69,463 |
-73,867 |
-85,259 |
-116,690 |
-84,316 |
| Services Balance |
-9,123 |
-9,875 |
-11,842 |
-12,998 |
-14,155 |
| Income Balance |
-12,926 |
-13,790 |
-15,524 |
-15,156 |
-15,331 |
| Current-account balance |
277 |
10,860 |
10,492 |
125 |
10,582 |
| External Debt (US$m) | |||||
| Debt stock |
132,794 |
130,800 |
140,783 |
147,673 |
154,932 |
| Debt service paid |
16,461 |
22,931 |
14,647 |
16,838 |
16,973 |
| Principal repayments |
12,408 |
18,635 |
9,617 |
11,616 |
11,868 |
| Interest |
4,053 |
4,296 |
5,030 |
5,221 |
5,106 |
| International Reserves (US$m) | |||||
| Total international reserves |
34,731 |
42,588 |
56,924 |
51,641 |
66,119 |
C. Trade
C.1. Indonesia’s Trade with the World
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
| Export (fob) |
85,660.0 |
100,798.6 |
114,100.9 |
137,020.4 |
116,510.0 |
| Import (cif) |
57,700.9 |
61,065.5 |
74,473.4 |
129,197.3 |
96,829.2 |
| Trade Volume |
143,360.8 |
161,864.1 |
188,574.3 |
266,217.7 |
213,339.3 |
| Trade Balance |
27,959.1 |
39,733.2 |
39,627.5 |
7,823.1 |
19,680.8 |
| World Trade (US$ Bn) |
21,058 |
24,294 |
27,845 |
32,215 |
24,948 |
| Share |
0.68% |
0.66% |
0.67% |
0.82% |
0.85% |
C.2. Indonesia’s trade with D-8 Countries
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
| Export (fob) |
5,733.47 |
6,933.00 |
8,968.28 |
10,847.55 |
7,727.31 |
| Import (cif) |
3,354.93 |
3,472.81 |
7,952.02 |
10,832.39 |
7,959.90 |
| Trade Volume |
9,088.4 |
10,405.81 |
16.920.3 |
21,679.94 |
15,687.1 |
| Trade Balance |
2,378.54 |
3,460.19 |
1,016.26 |
-15.16 |
-232.59 |
| D-8 Intra Trade |
41,537.19 |
49,806.52 |
66,828.03 |
78,382.2 |
66,947.63 |
| Share |
21.88% |
20.89% |
25.32% |
27.66% |
23.43% |
C.3. Indonesia’s Trade by 10 Main Commodities
C.3.1. Export by 10 Main commodities (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
1. |
Mineral Fuels, Mineral Oil Products |
4.485,6 |
6.410,0 |
7.122,5 |
10.656,2 |
13.934,0 |
|
2. |
Animal/Vegetables Fats and Oils |
4.950,6 |
6.069,9 |
10.226,8 |
15.624,0 |
12.219,5 |
|
3. |
Electric Machinery, etc. |
7.321,5 |
7.287,4 |
7.515,1 |
8.120,2 |
8.020,4 |
|
4. |
Ores, Slag, ash |
3.499,5 |
4.994,1 |
5.103,9 |
4.295,6 |
5.804,8 |
|
5. |
Rubber and Articles thereof |
3.560,0 |
5.526,2 |
6.248,7 |
7.637,3 |
4.912,8 |
|
6. |
Machines app. |
4.563,8 |
4.366,2 |
4.683,9 |
5.226,5 |
4.721,7 |
|
7. |
Paper, paperboard |
2.282,4 |
2.800,8 |
3.327,8 |
3.736,8 |
3.357,3 |
|
8. |
Articles of apparel Acc, not knitted/crocheted |
3.073,7 |
3.374,7 |
3.314,4 |
3.399,0 |
3.132,8 |
|
9. |
Knitted/Crocheted articles |
1.825,9 |
2.159,2 |
2.316,1 |
2.617,3 |
2.528,0 |
|
10. |
Copper and articles thereof |
1.257,5 |
1.904,4 |
2.731,7 |
2.202,5 |
2.367,1 |
C.3.2 Import by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
| 1. | Machine app. |
8.112,9 |
7.445,8 |
9.360,5 |
17.909,9 |
14.623,1 |
| 2. | Electric machinery, etc |
3.303,5 |
3.082,0 |
4.744,7 |
14.715,0 |
11.305,3 |
| 3. | Iron and steel |
3.344,9 |
2.865,1 |
4.175,0 |
8.281,9 |
4.356,6 |
| 4. | Organic chemical |
3.244,2 |
3.439,2 |
3.882,9 |
5.132,7 |
3.941,1 |
| 5. | Aircrafts and its parts |
479,7 |
971,3 |
1.607,3 |
2.036,9 |
3.241,5 |
| 6. | Plastic and articles thereof |
1.748,9 |
1.855,7 |
2.193,5 |
3.941,3 |
3.210,7 |
| 7. | Vehicle and its parts |
3.073,4 |
2.455,5 |
2.422,2 |
5.839,7 |
3.151,1 |
| 8. | Articles of iron and steel |
1.482,1 |
1.261,7 |
1.370,1 |
3.335,0 |
2.784,1 |
| 9. | Ship, boat and its articles. |
328,6 |
1.501,0 |
540,0 |
1.395,8 |
2.702,0 |
| 10. | Res. And waste from food industries |
824,8 |
882,7 |
1.147,5 |
1.740,6 |
1.678,8 |
C.4 Export and Import by Main Destination Country
Export by Main Destination Country (% of total)
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |
| Japan |
21.1 |
21.6 |
20.7 |
20.2 |
15.9 |
| China |
7.8 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
9.9 |
| United States of America |
11.5 |
11.2 |
10.2 |
9.5 |
9.3 |
| Singapore |
9.1 |
8.9 |
9.2 |
9.4 |
8.8 |
| Republic of Korea |
8.3 |
7.6 |
6.6 |
6.7 |
7 |
| India |
3.4 |
3.4 |
4.3 |
5.2 |
6.4 |
| Others |
-38.8 |
-39 |
40.5 |
40.5 |
-42.7 |
Import by Main Origin Country (% of total)
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |
| Singapore |
16.4 |
16.4 |
13.2 |
16.9 |
16.1 |
| China |
10.1 |
10.9 |
11.5 |
11.8 |
14.5 |
| Japan |
12 |
9 |
8.8 |
11.7 |
10.2 |
| United States of America |
6.7 |
6.7 |
6.4 |
6.1 |
7.3 |
| Malaysia |
3.7 |
5.2 |
8.6 |
6.9 |
5.9 |
| Republic of Korea |
5 |
4.7 |
4.3 |
5.4 |
4.9 |
| Others |
43.1 |
47.1 |
47.2 |
41.2 |
41.1 |
D. Foreign Direct Investment (Overview, selected years)
|
US$ Mn |
FDI Flows |
FDI Stocks |
||||||||
|
1990-2000 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
| Inward |
1,584 |
8,336 |
4,914 |
6,928 |
7,919 |
8,732 |
20,626 |
25,060 |
59,125 |
67,044 |
| Outward |
622 |
3,065 |
2,726 |
4,675 |
5,900 |
86 |
5,896 |
6,940 |
21,333 |
27,233 |
E. Agriculture: Food Commodities
|
US$ Mn |
2007 |
2008 |
| Export |
13,328.60 |
19,724.87 |
| Import |
5,992.41 |
7,287.28 |
| Trade Volume |
19,321.00 |
27,012.15 |
| Trade Balance |
7,336.18 |
12,437.59 |
| D-8 Total Trade |
67,978.23 |
101,328.20 |
| Share to D-8 Total Trade |
28.42% |
26.66% |
F. Energy
F.1 Oil
|
Petroleum (Thousand Barrels per Day) |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
| Total Oil Production |
1289 |
1183 |
1129 |
1087 |
1017 |
969 |
1004 |
| Crude Oil Production |
1249.03 |
1155.37 |
1095.64 |
1066.75 |
1019.22 |
963.61 |
1249.03 |
| Consumption |
5,347 |
5,440 |
5,269 |
5,343 |
5,213 |
5,039 |
4,845 |
| Net Exports/Imports |
-4,058 |
-4,257 |
-4,140 |
-4,256 |
-4,196 |
-4,070 |
-3,841 |
| Refinery |
993 |
993 |
993 |
993 |
993 |
993 |
993 |
| Proved reserved (billion barrels) |
4.7 |
4.7 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
F.2 Natural Gas
|
Natural Gas (Billion Cubic Feet/day) |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
| Total Production |
6.7 |
7.1 |
6.8 |
6.9 |
6.8 |
6.5 |
6.7 |
| Consumption |
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
| Net Exports/Imports |
3.5 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
| Proved reserved
(trillion cubic meters, TCM) |
2.56 |
2.56 |
2.77 |
2.48 |
2.63 |
3.00 |
3.18 |
F.3 Renewable Energy
|
Country |
Renewable Indicator |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
Indonesia |
Electricity Generation (Billion Kwh) |
15.91 |
16.94 |
15.88 |
17.87 |
18.85 |
| Electricity Consumption (Billion Kwh) |
15.91 |
16.94 |
15.88 |
17.87 |
18.85 |
|
| Bio-fuels Production (Thousands Barrel/day) |
0 |
0.2 |
1.52 |
2.59 |
3.47 |
|
| Bio-fuels Consumption (Thousands Barrel/day) |
0 |
0.04 |
0.58 |
0.58 |
0.35 |
F.3.1 Renewable Electric Generation by Type (Billion Kilowatt-hours)
|
Country |
Renewable Product |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
|
Indonesia |
Hydroelectric |
9.57 |
10.65 |
9.53 |
11.17 |
11.88 |
|
|
Non-Hydroelectric Renewable |
Geothermal |
6.32 |
6.27 |
6.32 |
6.67 |
6.7 |
|
| Wind |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
| Solar, Tide and Wave |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
| Biomass and Waste |
0.02 |
0.021 |
0.03 |
0.034 |
0.27 |
||
F.3.2 Renewable Bio-fuels Production by Type (Thousand Barrels per Day)
|
Country |
Renewable Product |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
Indonesia |
Fuel Ethanol |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
| Bio-diesels |
0 |
0.2 |
1.5 |
2.6 |
3.5 |
