Indonesia
INDONESIA
A. General Info:
| Official Name | Republic of Indonesia |
| Capital | Jakarta |
| Main Cities | Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Semarang, Yogyakarta |
| Languages | Indonesian |
| Government | Presidential Republic |
| Independence | From Netherland, 17 August 1945 |
| Area | 1,919,440 km2 |
| Population | 237,556,363 (2010 census) |
| Currency | Rupiah |
| Climate | Tropical |
| Measures | Metric system |
| Time Zone | Western Zone GMT +7, Central Zone GMT +8, Eastern Zone GMT +9 |
| Main Airports | Soekarno-Hatta (Jakarta), Ngurah Rai (Denpasar, Bali), Hang Nadim (Batam), Polonia (Medan), Juanda (Surabaya) |
| Main Harbors | Tanjung Priok (Jakarta), Tanjung Perak (Surabaya), Tanjung Mas (Semarang) |
Source: National sources, 2011
B. Economic Indicators
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
| GDP | ||||||
| Nominal GDP (US$bn) |
285.9 |
364.6 |
432.2 |
510.5 |
540.3 |
706.2 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) |
5.7 |
5.5 |
6.3 |
6.0 |
4.5 |
6.0 |
| Expenditure on GDP (% real change) | ||||||
| Private Consumption |
4.0 |
3.2 |
5.0 |
5.3 |
4.9 |
5.0 |
| Government Consumption |
6.6 |
9.6 |
3.9 |
10.4 |
15.7 |
-2.1 |
| Gross fixed Investment |
10.9 |
2.6 |
9.3 |
11.8 |
3.3 |
8.4 |
| Export of goods & services |
16.6 |
9.4 |
8.5 |
9.5 |
-9.7 |
13.1 |
| Import of goods & services |
17.8 |
8.6 |
9.1 |
10.0 |
-15.0 |
15.4 |
| Origin of GDP (%real change) | ||||||
| Agriculture |
2.7 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
4.9 |
4.1 |
4.0 |
| Industry |
4.7 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
| Services |
7.9 |
7.3 |
8.8 |
8.8 |
5.7 |
6.0 |
| GDP per capita (US$ at PPP) |
3,081 |
3,314 |
3,580 |
3,831 |
4,009 |
4,237 |
| Recorded unemployment (av; %) |
11.2 |
10.3 |
9.1 |
8.4 |
7.7 |
7.5 |
| Fiscal Indicator (% of GDP) | ||||||
| Central government budget revenue |
17.9 |
19.1 |
18.0 |
19.2 |
17.2 |
17.0 |
| Central government budget expenditure |
18.2 |
20.1 |
18.7 |
19.8 |
18.8 |
18.8 |
| Central government budget balance |
-0.4 |
-1.0 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-1.6 |
-1.8 |
| Public debt |
34.5 |
33.0 |
31.3 |
28.3 |
27.4 |
25.8 |
| Prices and financial indicators | ||||||
| Exchange Rates Rp:US$ (end-period) |
9,830 |
9,020 |
9,419 |
10,950 |
9,400 |
9,081 |
| Consumer Prices (end period; % change) |
17.1 |
6.6 |
5.8 |
11.1 |
2.8 |
5.1 |
| Stock of money M1 (% change) |
10.2 |
28.1 |
29.7 |
11.5 |
15.1 |
15.5 |
| Stock of money M2 (% change) |
16.4 |
14.9 |
19.3 |
15.0 |
16.5 |
17.1 |
| Lending interest rate (av; %) |
14.1 |
16.0 |
13.9 |
13.6 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
| Current Account (US$m) | ||||||
| Trade Balance |
17,535 |
29,661 |
32,754 |
22,916 |
19,681 |
22,176 |
| Goods: exports fob |
86,995 |
103,528 |
118,014 |
139,606 |
116,510 |
157,779 |
| Goods: imports cif |
-69,463 |
-73,867 |
-85,259 |
-116,690 |
-96,829 |
-135,603 |
| Services Balance |
-9,123 |
-9,875 |
-11,842 |
-12,998 |
-14,155 |
-13,171 |
| Income Balance |
-12,926 |
-13,790 |
-15,524 |
-15,156 |
-15,331 |
-15,583 |
| Current-account balance |
277 |
10,860 |
10,492 |
125 |
10,582 |
8,711 |
| External Debt (US$m) | ||||||
| Debt stock |
132,794 |
130,800 |
140,783 |
147,673 |
154,932 |
157,539 |
| Debt service paid |
16,461 |
22,931 |
14,647 |
16,838 |
16,973 |
17,240 |
| Principal repayments |
12,408 |
18,635 |
9,617 |
11,616 |
11,868 |
12,404 |
| Interest |
4,053 |
4,296 |
5,030 |
5,221 |
5,106 |
4,837 |
| International Reserves (US$m) | ||||||
| Total international reserves |
34,731 |
42,588 |
56,924 |
51,641 |
66,119 |
78,511 |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C. Trade
C.1. Indonesia’s Trade with the World
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export (fob) |
85,660.0 |
100,798.6 |
114,100.9 |
137,020.4 |
116,510.0 |
157,779 |
| Import (cif) |
57,700.9 |
61,065.5 |
74,473.4 |
129,197.3 |
96,829.2 |
135,603 |
| Trade Volume |
143,360.8 |
161,864.1 |
188,574.3 |
266,217.7 |
213,339.3 |
293,382 |
| Trade Balance |
27,959.1 |
39,733.2 |
39,627.5 |
7,823.1 |
19,680.8 |
22,176 |
| World Trade (US$ Bn) |
21,058 |
24,294 |
27,845 |
32,215 |
24,948 |
28,143 |
| Share |
0.68% |
0.66% |
0.67% |
0.82% |
0.85% |
1.04% |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C.2. Indonesia’s trade with D-8 Countries
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export (fob) |
5,733.47 |
6,933.00 |
8,968.28 |
10,847.55 |
7,727.31 |
13,978 |
| Import (cif) |
3,354.93 |
3,472.81 |
7,952.02 |
10,832.39 |
7,959.90 |
10,791 |
| Trade Volume |
9,088.4 |
10,405.81 |
16.920.3 |
21,679.94 |
15,687.1 |
24,769 |
| Trade Balance |
2,378.54 |
3,460.19 |
1,016.26 |
-15.16 |
-232.59 |
3,187 |
| D-8 Intra Trade |
41,537.19 |
49,806.52 |
66,828.03 |
78,382.2 |
66,947.63 |
101,139 |
| Share |
21.88% |
20.89% |
25.32% |
27.66% |
23.43% |
24.5% |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C.3. Indonesia’s Trade by 10 Main Commodities
C.3.1. Export by 10 Main commodities (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
1. |
Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
27,619.5 |
29,211.1 |
39,782.5 |
32,952.3 |
46,765.3 |
|
2. |
Animal,vegetable fats and oils, cleavage products, etc |
6,070 |
10,226.8 |
15,624 |
12,219.5 |
16,312.2 |
|
3. |
Electrical, electronic equipment |
7,291.41 |
7,596.2 |
8,265.8 |
8,148.1 |
10,432.5 |
|
4. |
Rubber and articles thereof |
5,529.1 |
6,248.7 |
7,637.3 |
4,912.7 |
9,373.3 |
|
5. |
Ores, slag and ash |
4,994.1 |
5,104 |
4,295.6 |
5,804.7 |
8,148.1 |
|
6. |
Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers, etc |
4,362.3 |
4,670.2 |
5,211.5 |
4,709.3 |
5,071.2 |
|
7. |
Paper & paperboard, articles of pulp, paper and board |
2,805.3 |
3,328.1 |
3,737.5 |
3,357.3 |
4,186.2 |
|
8. |
Articles of apparel, accessories, not knit or crochet |
3,374.7 |
3,314.4 |
3,400 |
3,132.8 |
3,611.1 |
|
9. |
Copper and articles thereof |
1,904.4 |
2,731.7 |
2,202.4 |
2,367.1 |
3,305.8 |
|
10. |
Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal |
3,355.6 |
3,128.2 |
2,879.8 |
2,341.2 |
2,936 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
C.3.2 Import by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
1. |
Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
19,041.3 |
22,017.8 |
30,682.3 |
19090.3 |
27,530.7 |
|
2. |
Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers, etc |
7,403.6 |
9,518.6 |
18,305 |
14,724 |
20,506.1 |
|
3. |
Electrical, electronic equipment |
3,107.8 |
4,642 |
14,188.4 |
11,087.7 |
15,089.4 |
|
4. |
Vehicles other than railway, tramway |
2,447 |
2,778.7 |
6,655.6 |
3,886.5 |
7,377.2 |
|
5. |
Iron and steel |
2,865.1 |
4,175 |
8,281.8 |
4,356.6 |
6,371.5 |
|
6. |
Organic chemicals |
3,439.2 |
3,881.2 |
5,132.4 |
3,940.4 |
5,325.8 |
|
7. |
Plastics and articles thereof |
1,855.7 |
2,195.2 |
3,949.7 |
3,216.1 |
4,827.1 |
|
8. |
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof |
971.3 |
1,607.3 |
2,036.9 |
3,241.4 |
3,528.1 |
|
9. |
Articles of iron or steel |
1,261.7 |
1,370.1 |
3,335.1 |
2,784.0 |
3,451.1 |
|
10. |
Cotton |
782.4 |
953 |
1,991.6 |
1,476.1 |
2,232.1 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
C.4 Export and Import by Main Destination Country
Export by Main Destination Country (% of total)
|
Country |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Japan |
21.1 |
21.6 |
20.7 |
20.2 |
15.9 |
16.3 |
| China |
7.8 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
| United States of America |
11.5 |
11.2 |
10.2 |
9.5 |
9.3 |
9.1 |
| Singapore |
9.1 |
8.9 |
9.2 |
9.4 |
8.8 |
8.7 |
| Republic of Korea |
8.3 |
7.6 |
6.6 |
6.7 |
7 |
8 |
| India |
3.4 |
3.4 |
4.3 |
5.2 |
6.4 |
6.3 |
| Others |
38.8 |
39 |
40.5 |
40.5 |
42.7 |
41.7 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
Import by Main Origin Country (% of total)
|
Country |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Singapore |
16.4 |
16.4 |
13.2 |
16.9 |
16.1 |
14.9 |
| China |
10.1 |
10.9 |
11.5 |
11.8 |
14.5 |
15.1 |
| Japan |
12 |
9 |
8.8 |
11.7 |
10.2 |
12.5 |
| United States of America |
6.7 |
6.7 |
6.4 |
6.1 |
7.3 |
6.9 |
| Malaysia |
3.7 |
5.2 |
8.6 |
6.9 |
5.9 |
6.4 |
| Republic of Korea |
5 |
4.7 |
4.3 |
5.4 |
4.9 |
5.7 |
| Others |
43.1 |
47.1 |
47.2 |
41.2 |
41.1 |
38.5 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
D. Foreign Direct Investment (Overview, selected years)
|
US$ Mn |
FDI Flows |
FDI Stocks |
||||||||
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
1995 |
2000 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| Inward |
8,336 |
4,914 |
6,928 |
7,919 |
4,877.4 |
20,626 |
25,060 |
59,125 |
67,044 |
72,841.4 |
| Outward |
3,065 |
2,726 |
4,675 |
5,900 |
2,949.1 |
5,896 |
6,940 |
21,333 |
27,233 |
30,182.5 |
Source: UNCTAD, 2011
E. Agriculture: Food Commodities
|
US$ Mn |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export |
17,093.3 |
13,416.6 |
17,955.1 |
| Import |
4,879.7 |
4,170.5 |
6,221.1 |
| Trade Volume |
21,973 |
17,587.1 |
24,176.1 |
| Trade Balance |
12,213.6 |
9,246.1 |
11,734 |
| Indonesia’s Total Trade |
250,626.8 |
213,339 |
293,382 |
| Share to Indonesia’s Total Trade |
8.77% |
8.24% |
8.24% |
Source: WTO, FAO, 2011
F. Energy
F.1 Oil
|
Petroleum (Thousand Barrels per Day) |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Total Oil Production |
996 |
972 |
1003 |
990 |
986 |
| Consumption |
1,240 |
1,270 |
1,264 |
1,289 |
1,304 |
| Refinery |
1,133 |
1,157 |
1,068 |
1,106 |
1,158 |
| Proved reserved (billion barrels) |
4.4 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
Source: BP statistics, 2011
F.2 Natural Gas
|
Natural Gas (Billion Cubic Feet/day) |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Total Production |
6.8 |
6.5 |
6.7 |
7.0 |
7.9 |
| Consumption |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
| Proved reserved (trillion cubic meters, TCM) |
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
Source: BP statistics, 2011
F.3 Others Energy
|
Energy |
Year |
|||
|
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||
| Biofuels production (thousand barrels daily) |
3.47 |
4.34 |
5.75 |
|
| Electricity Generation (Terawatt-hours) |
11.5 |
11.4 |
11.4 |
|
| Renewable Energy (Installed Capacity) | Geothermal (mega-watts) |
1,060 |
1.189 |
1,189 |
| Solar |
- |
- |
- |
|
| Wind (mega-watts) |
- |
- |
- |
|
Source: BP statistics, 2011
