Egypt
EGYPT
A. General Info:
| Official Name | Arab Republic of Egypt |
| Capital | Cairo |
| Main Cities | Alexandria, Ismailia, Port Said, Giza |
| Languages | Arabic (official), English, French |
| Government | Republic |
| Independence | 28 February 1922 (from UK) |
| Area | 1,001,450 sq km (land: 995,450 sq km; water: 6,000 sq km) |
| Population | 83, 532,658 (July 2010 est.) |
| Currency | Egyptian Pound (EGP) |
| Climate | Moderate (rainfall and warm), coastal weather |
| Time Zone | EET (UTC +2), Summer (DST) EEST (UTC +3) |
| Main Airports | Intl Airport of Cairo, Luxor (Luxor City), Ophira (Sharm el-Sheikh), El-Arish (Mediterranean Coast), |
| Main Harbors | Alexandria Port, Damietta Port, Red Sea Ports Authority, Suez Canal Container Terminal, Suez Port |
Source: National sources, 2011
B. Economic Indicators
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||
| GDP | |||||||
| Nominal GDP (US$bn) |
93.2 |
107.9 |
129.8 |
159.2 |
190.0 |
245 |
|
| Real GDP Growth (%) |
4.5 |
6.8 |
7.1 |
7.2 |
4.7 |
5.1 |
|
| Expenditure on GDP (% real change) | |||||||
| Private Consumption |
4.8 |
6.4 |
8.8 |
5.7 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
|
| Government Consumption |
2.8 |
3.1 |
0.2 |
2.1 |
8.4 |
4.0 |
|
| Gross fixed Investment |
14.2 |
13.8 |
23.7 |
14.8 |
-10.2 |
2.0 |
|
| Export of goods & services |
20.2 |
21.2 |
20.2 |
28.8 |
-12.8 |
2.0 |
|
| Import of goods & services |
23.8 |
21.7 |
30.5 |
26.3 |
-17.7 |
4.0 |
|
| Origin of GDP (%real change) | |||||||
| Agriculture |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
|
| Industry |
3.1 |
9.7 |
5.9 |
6.1 |
5.1 |
4.8 |
|
| Services |
5.9 |
5.4 |
20.2 |
8.2 |
4.2 |
4.0 |
|
| GDP per capita (US$ at PPP) |
4,321 |
4,679 |
5,060 |
5,438 |
5,652 |
5,712 |
|
| Recorded unemployment (av.; %) |
11.2 |
10.6 |
8.9 |
8.7 |
9.3 |
9.0 |
|
| Fiscal Indicator (% of GDP) | |||||||
| Central government revenue |
20.6 |
24.5 |
24.6 |
25.7 |
26.8 |
25.1 |
|
| Central government expenditure |
30.0 |
33.6 |
30.4 |
32.7 |
33.4 |
33.8 |
|
| Central government balance |
-9.6 |
-8.2 |
-7.5 |
-7.1 |
-6.5 |
-6.6 |
|
| Central government debt |
130.8 |
114.2 |
102.9 |
88.3 |
79.7 |
75.1 |
|
| Prices and financial indicators | |||||||
| Exchange Rates E£:US$ (end-period) |
5.78 |
5.73 |
5.63 |
5.43 |
5.55 |
5.64 |
|
| Consumer Prices (av; %) |
4.9 |
7.6 |
9.5 |
18.3 |
11.8 |
11.2 |
|
| Stock of money M1 (% change) |
20.4 |
20.0 |
25.1 |
14.9 |
12.4 |
11.5 |
|
| Stock of money M2 (% change) |
11.5 |
15.0 |
19.1 |
10.5 |
9.0 |
10.1 |
|
| Lending interest rate (av; %) |
13.1 |
12.6 |
12.5 |
12.3 |
12.1 |
12.0 |
|
| Current Account (US$m) | |||||||
| Trade Balance |
-11,127 |
-12,558 |
-20,494 |
-26,774 |
-22,573 |
-26,485 |
|
| Goods: exports fob |
16,073 |
20,546 |
24,455 |
29,849 |
24,993 |
26,438 |
|
| Goods: imports fob |
-27,200 |
-33,104 |
-44,949 |
-56,623 |
-47,567 |
-52,923 |
|
| Services Balance |
7,517 |
8,689 |
11,195 |
14,312 |
12,135 |
7,218 |
|
| Income Balance |
69 |
831 |
1,478 |
1,373 |
778 |
817 |
|
| Current-account balance |
2,207 |
2,731 |
501 |
-1,331 |
-2,789 |
-2,017 |
|
| External Debt (US$m) | |||||||
| Debt stock |
29,655 |
29,351 |
32,830 |
32,616 |
28,778 |
33,000 |
|
| Debt service paid |
2,284 |
2,487 |
2,740 |
3,131 |
5,187 |
6,711 |
|
| Interest |
647 |
773 |
881 |
934 |
806 |
914 |
|
| International Reserves (US$m) | |||||||
| Total international reserves |
21,388 |
25,581 |
31,274 |
33,849 |
33,933 |
34,171 |
|
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C. Trade
C.1. Egypt’s Trade with the World
|
US$ Mn. |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export (fob) |
21,803 |
25,434 |
32,007 |
25,141 |
26,438 |
| Import (cif) |
39,785 |
50,758 |
64,659 |
58,188 |
52,923 |
| Trade Volume |
61,588 |
76,192 |
96,666 |
83,329 |
79,361 |
| Trade Balance |
-17,982 |
-25,324 |
-32,652 |
-33,047 |
-26,486 |
| World Trade (US$ Bn) |
24,294 |
27,845 |
32,215 |
24,948 |
28,143 |
| Share |
0.25% |
0.27% |
0.30% |
0.33% |
0.28% |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C.2. Egypt’s trade with D-8 Countries
|
US$ Mn. |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export (fob) |
632.39 |
972.70 |
1,426.01 |
1,128.44 |
1,651 |
| Import (cif) |
1,782.38 |
2,305.73 |
3,384.33 |
4,389.34 |
3,198 |
| Trade Volume |
2,414.77 |
3,278.43 |
4,810.34 |
5,517.78 |
4,849 |
| Trade Balance |
-1,149.99 |
-1,333.03 |
-1,958.32 |
-3,260.9 |
-1,547 |
| D-8 Intra Trade |
49,806.52 |
66,828.03 |
78,382.2 |
66,947.63 |
101,139 |
| Share |
4.85% |
4.90% |
6.13% |
8.24% |
4.79% |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C.3. Egypt’s Trade by 10 Main Commodities
C.3.1. Export by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| 1. | Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
11,604.6 |
6,935.2 |
7,594 |
| 2. | Fertilizers |
678.3 |
1,143.2 |
1,152.3 |
| 3. | Pearls, precious stones, metals, coins, etc |
17.3 |
918.4 |
1,037.4 |
| 4. | Edible fruit, nuts, peel of citrus fruit, melons |
708.1 |
1,005.7 |
955.1 |
| 5. | Plastics and articles thereof |
869.2 |
754.6 |
886.5 |
| 6. | Iron and steel |
1,2222 |
556.7 |
872.9 |
| 7. | Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers |
663.5 |
805.9 |
834.3 |
| 8. | Articles of apparel, accessories, not knit or crochet |
254.3 |
811.4 |
821.1 |
| 9. | Electrical, electronic equipment |
791.6 |
637.6 |
816.4 |
| 10. | Copper and articles thereof |
647.8 |
585.3 |
708.3 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
C.3.2 Import by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| 1. | Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
5,766.3 |
4,466.0 |
7,130.7 |
| 2. | Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers, etc |
6,172.3 |
5,823.4 |
5,613.3 |
| 3. | Vehicles other than railway, tramway |
3,040.8 |
2,648.6 |
3,768.2 |
| 4. | Cereals |
3,103.8 |
2,434.0 |
3,483.9 |
| 5. | Electrical, electronic equipment |
3,249.8 |
2,923.7 |
3,376.1 |
| 6. | Iron and steel |
4,945.7 |
3,563.6 |
3,125.8 |
| 7. | Articles of iron or steel |
2,727.2 |
2,630.9 |
2,787.1 |
| 8. | Plastics and articles thereof |
2,322.0 |
1,890.6 |
2,296.1 |
| 9. | Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal |
1,161.1 |
1,080.0 |
1,202.9 |
| 10. | Organic chemicals |
1,213.4 |
992.7 |
1,120.1 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
C.4 Export and Import by Main Destination Country
Export by Main Destination Country (% of total)
|
Country |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Italy |
10.4 |
6.6 |
8.4 |
| Spain |
5.7 |
6.6 |
6.2 |
| Saudi Arabia |
4.8 |
5.7 |
5.9 |
| United States of America |
4.8 |
6.8 |
5.9 |
| India |
6.4 |
6 |
4.7 |
| Libya |
3 |
4.2 |
4.6 |
| Others |
64.9 |
64.1 |
64.3 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
Import by Main Origin Country (% of total)
|
Country |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| United States of America |
10.8 |
10.6 |
9.4 |
| China |
8.4 |
8.7 |
9.2 |
| Germany |
6.2 |
8 |
7.6 |
| Italy |
5.7 |
5.9 |
5.6 |
| Saudi Arabia |
5.9 |
4.5 |
4 |
| Republic of Korea |
2 |
2.8 |
3.6 |
| Others |
60.8 |
59.5 |
60.6 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
D. Foreign Direct Investment (Overview, selected years)
|
US$ Mn |
Year |
Year |
||||||||
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
1995 |
2000 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| Inward |
5,376 |
10,043 |
11,578 |
9,495 |
6,711.6 |
14,690 |
19,955 |
50,503 |
59,998 |
66,709.3 |
| Outward |
92 |
148 |
665 |
1,920 |
571.1 |
350 |
655 |
1,781 |
3,701 |
4,271.8 |
Source: UNCTAD, 2011
D. Agriculture: Food Commodities
|
US$ Mn |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export |
1,379.21 |
1,765.4 |
1,889 |
| Import |
7,258.09 |
5,647 |
7,570 |
| Trade Volume |
8,637.30 |
7,412.4 |
9,459 |
| Trade Balance |
-5,878.88 |
-3,881.6 |
-5,681 |
| Egypt’s Total Trade |
63,795.2 |
83,329 |
79,361 |
| Share to Egypt’s Total Trade |
13.5% |
8.9% |
11.9% |
Source: WTO, FAO, 2011
E. Energy
F.1 Oil
|
Petroleum (Thousand Barrels per Day) |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Total Oil Production |
697 |
710 |
722 |
742 |
746 |
| Consumption |
598 |
638 |
680 |
719 |
757 |
| Refinery |
726 |
726 |
726 |
726 |
726 |
| Proved reserved (billion barrels) |
3.7 |
4.1 |
4.2 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
Source: BP statistics, 2011
F.2 Natural Gas
|
Natural Gas (Billion Cubic Feet/day) |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Total Production |
5.3 |
5.4 |
5.7 |
6.1 |
5.9 |
| Consumption |
3.5 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
4.1 |
4.4 |
| Proved reserved (trillion cubic meters, TCM) |
2.05 |
2.07 |
2.17 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
Source: BP statistics, 2011
F.3 Others Energy
|
Energy |
Year |
|||
|
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||
| Biofuels production (thousand barrels daily) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Electricity Generation (Terawatt-hours) |
127.9 |
133.3 |
143.5 |
|
| Renewable Energy (Installed Capacity) | Geothermal |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Solar |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Wind (mega-watts) |
384 |
552 |
552 |
|
Source: BP statistics, 2011
