Egypt
EGYPT
A. General Info:
| Official Name | Arab Republic of Egypt |
| Capital | Cairo |
| Main Cities | Alexandria, Ismailia, Port Said, Giza |
| Languages | Arabic (official), English, French |
| Government | Republic |
| Independence | 28 February 1922 (from UK) |
| Area | 1,001,450 sq km (land: 995,450 sq km; water: 6,000 sq km) |
| Population | 83, 082,869 (July 2009 est.) |
| Currency | Egyptian Pound (EGP) |
| Climate | |
| Time Zone | EET (UTC +2), Summer (DST) EEST (UTC +3) |
| Main Airports | Intl Airport of Cairo, Luxor (Luxor City), Ophira (Sharm el-Sheikh), El-Arish (Mediterranean Coast), |
| Main Harbors | Alexandria Port, Damietta Port, Red Sea Ports Authority, Suez Canal Container Terminal, Suez Port |
B. Economic Indicators
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| GDP | |||||
| Nominal GDP (US$bn) |
93.2 |
107.9 |
129.8 |
159.2 |
190.0 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) |
4.5 |
6.8 |
7.1 |
7.2 |
4.7 |
| Expenditure on GDP (% real change) | |||||
| Private Consumption |
4.8 |
6.4 |
8.8 |
5.7 |
4.5 |
| Government Consumption |
2.8 |
3.1 |
0.2 |
2.1 |
8.4 |
| Gross fixed Investment |
14.2 |
13.8 |
23.7 |
14.8 |
-10.2 |
| Export of goods & services |
20.2 |
21.2 |
20.2 |
28.8 |
-12.8 |
| Import of goods & services |
23.8 |
21.7 |
30.5 |
26.3 |
-17.7 |
| Origin of GDP (%real change) | |||||
| Agriculture |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
| Industry |
3.1 |
9.7 |
5.9 |
6.1 |
5.1 |
| Services |
5.9 |
5.4 |
20.2 |
8.2 |
4.2 |
| GDP per capita (US$ at PPP) |
4,321 |
4,679 |
5,060 |
5,438 |
5,652 |
| Recorded unemployment (av.; %) |
11.2 |
10.6 |
8.9 |
8.7 |
9.3 |
| Fiscal Indicator (% of GDP) | |||||
| Central government revenue |
20.6 |
24.5 |
24.6 |
25.7 |
26.8 |
| Central government expenditure |
30.0 |
33.6 |
30.4 |
32.7 |
33.4 |
| Central government balance |
-9.6 |
-8.2 |
-7.5 |
-7.1 |
-6.5 |
| Central government debt |
130.8 |
114.2 |
102.9 |
88.3 |
79.7 |
| Prices and financial indicators | |||||
| Exchange Rates E£:US$ (end-period) |
5.78 |
5.73 |
5.63 |
5.43 |
5.55 |
| Consumer Prices (av; %) |
4.9 |
7.6 |
9.5 |
18.3 |
11.8 |
| Stock of money M1 (% change) |
20.4 |
20.0 |
25.1 |
14.9 |
12.4 |
| Stock of money M2 (% change) |
11.5 |
15.0 |
19.1 |
10.5 |
9.0 |
| Lending interest rate (av; %) |
13.1 |
12.6 |
12.5 |
12.3 |
12.1 |
| Current Account (US$m) | |||||
| Trade Balance |
-11,127 |
-12,558 |
-20,494 |
-26,774 |
-22,573 |
| Goods: exports fob |
16,073 |
20,546 |
24,455 |
29,849 |
24,993 |
| Goods: imports fob |
-27,200 |
-33,104 |
-44,949 |
-56,623 |
-47,567 |
| Services Balance |
7,517 |
8,689 |
11,195 |
14,312 |
12,135 |
| Income Balance |
69 |
831 |
1,478 |
1,373 |
778 |
| Current-account balance |
2,207 |
2,731 |
501 |
-1,331 |
-2,789 |
| External Debt (US$m) | |||||
| Debt stock |
29,655 |
29,351 |
32,830 |
32,616 |
28,778 |
| Debt service paid |
2,284 |
2,487 |
2,740 |
3,131 |
5,187 |
| Interest |
647 |
773 |
881 |
934 |
806 |
| International Reserves (US$m) | |||||
| Total international reserves |
21,388 |
25,581 |
31,274 |
33,849 |
33,933 |
C. Trade
C.1. Egypt’s Trade with the World
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
| Export (fob) |
15,608 |
21,803 |
25,434 |
32,007 |
25,141 |
| Import (cif) |
33,449 |
39,785 |
50,758 |
64,659 |
58,188 |
| Trade Volume |
49,057 |
61,588 |
76,192 |
96,666 |
83,329 |
| Trade Balance |
-17,841 |
-17,982 |
-25,324 |
-32,652 |
-33,047 |
| World Trade (US$ Bn) |
21,058 |
24,294 |
27,845 |
32,215 |
24,948 |
| Share |
0.23% |
0.25% |
0.27% |
0.30% |
0.33% |
C.2. Egypt’s trade with D-8 Countries
|
US$ Mn. |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
| Export (fob) |
465.51 |
632.39 |
972.70 |
1,426.01 |
1,128.44 |
| Import (cif) |
1,673.10 |
1,782.38 |
2,305.73 |
3,384.33 |
4,389.34 |
| Trade Volume |
2,138.61 |
2,414.77 |
3,278.43 |
4,810.34 |
5,517.78 |
| Trade Balance |
-1,207.59 |
-1,149.99 |
-1,333.03 |
-1,958.32 |
-3,260.9 |
| D-8 Intra Trade |
41,537.19 |
49,806.52 |
66,828.03 |
78,382.2 |
66,947.63 |
| Share |
5.15% |
4.85% |
4.90% |
6.13% |
8.24% |
C.3. Egypt’s Trade by 10 Main Commodities
C.3.1. Export by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
1. |
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials |
1,641.4 |
1,673.3 |
1,823.4 |
1,938.8 |
1,536.6 |
|
2. |
Food and live animals |
730.7 |
889.1 |
863.4 |
1,240.5 |
1,034.7 |
|
3. |
Chemical and related products |
441.2 |
535.6 |
716.9 |
738.1 |
736.6 |
|
4. |
Iron and steel |
521.3 |
559.4 |
818.4 |
737.3 |
636.2 |
|
5. |
Vegetables and fruit |
353.0 |
381.2 |
377.7 |
598.1 |
536.2 |
|
6. |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles |
345.3 |
304.7 |
324.4 |
494.9 |
536.3 |
|
7. |
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels |
730.7 |
435.1 |
422.5 |
483.5 |
536.7 |
|
8. |
Cereal and cereal preparation |
236.0 |
326.7 |
318.8 |
421.2 |
434.1 |
|
9. |
Rice |
232.1 |
311.1 |
302.1 |
400.3 |
426.7 |
|
10. |
Rice, semi or wholly milled (including broken rice) |
229.1 |
307.4 |
300.5 |
399.6 |
362.3 |
C.3.2 Import by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
1. |
Machinery and transport equipment |
2,529.1 |
3,692.5 |
3,947.0 |
5,066.6 |
4,473.7 |
|
2. |
Food and live animals |
2,280.8 |
3,135.2 |
3,060.3 |
4,215.0 |
4,062.2 |
|
3. |
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials |
2,097.6 |
2,874.6 |
2,540.7 |
3,259.1 |
3,223.5 |
|
4. |
Chemicals and related products |
1,596.3 |
2,237.5 |
1,954.9 |
2,641.0 |
2,362.5 |
|
5. |
Cereal and cereal preparations |
1,104.3 |
1,647.5 |
1,531.7 |
2,543.7 |
2,153.4 |
|
6. |
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels |
1,154.7 |
1,441.7 |
1,547.8 |
2,044.8 |
1,847.3 |
|
7. |
Wheat (including spelt) and meslin, unmilled |
727.3 |
924.7 |
967.1 |
1,558.0 |
1,124.5 |
|
8. |
Durum wheat, unmilled |
714,7 |
915.8 |
966.1 |
1,566.6 |
1,845.4 |
|
9. |
Maize (not including sweet corn), unmilled |
364.7 |
696.5 |
545.3 |
934.9 |
1,366.2 |
|
10. |
Plastics in primary forms |
418.6 |
580.0 |
529.3 |
922.0 |
1,252.5 |
C.4 Export and Import by Main Destination Country
|
Main destinations of exports |
Main origins of imports |
||
|
Country |
2008 |
Country |
2008 |
| Italy | 10.4% | United States | 10.5% |
| United States | 7.8% | China | 10.2% |
| Spain | 6.8% | Italy | 7.4% |
| Syria | 5.2% | Germany | 6.9% |
| Saudi Arabia | 5.1% | Saudi Arabia | 5.0% |
| Others | 64.7% | Others | 60.0% |
D. Foreign Direct Investment (Overview, selected years)
|
US$ Mn |
FDI Flows |
FDI Stocks |
||||||||
|
1990-2000 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
| Inward |
844 |
5,376 |
10,043 |
11,578 |
9,495 |
11,043 |
14,690 |
19,955 |
50,503 |
59,998 |
| Outward |
46 |
92 |
148 |
665 |
1,920 |
163 |
350 |
655 |
1,781 |
3,701 |
E. Agriculture: Food Commodities
|
US$ Mn |
2007 |
2008 |
| Export |
– |
1,379.21 |
| Import |
– |
7,258.09 |
| Trade Volume |
– |
8,637.30 |
| Trade Balance |
– |
-5,878.88 |
| D-8 Total Trade |
67,978.23 |
101,328.20 |
| Share to D-8 Total Trade |
– |
8.52% |
F. Energy
F.1 Oil
|
Petroleum (Thousand Barrels per Day) |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
| Total Oil Production |
751 |
749 |
721 |
696 |
697 |
710 |
722 |
| Crude Oil Production |
715.42 |
712.67 |
673.38 |
658.2 |
639.15 |
637.03 |
690.35 |
| Consumption |
534 |
550 |
567 |
629 |
610 |
650 |
693 |
| Net Exports/Imports |
178 |
183 |
96 |
53 |
23 |
- 15 |
-30 |
| Refinery |
726 |
726 |
726 |
726 |
726 |
726 |
726 |
| Proved reserved (billion barrels) |
3.5 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
3.7 |
4.1 |
4.3 |
F.2 Natural Gas
|
Natural Gas (Billion Cubic Feet/day) |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
| Total Production |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
4.1 |
5.3 |
5.4 |
5.7 |
| Consumption |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
| Net Exports/Imports |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3.1 |
| Proved reserved
(trillion cubic meters, TCM) |
1.66 |
1.72 |
1.87 |
1.90 |
2.05 |
2.07 |
2.17 |
F.3 Renewable Energy
|
Country |
Renewable Indicator |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
Egypt |
Electricity Generation (Billion Kwh) |
13.01 |
13.04 |
13.38 |
16.14 |
17.42 |
| Electricity Consumption (Billion Kwh) |
13.01 |
13.04 |
13.38 |
16.14 |
17.42 |
|
| Bio-fuels Production (Thousands Barrel/day) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Bio-fuels Consumption (Thousands Barrel/day) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
F.3.1 Renewable Electric Generation by Type (Billion Kilowatt-hours)
|
Country |
Renewable Product |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
|
Egypt |
Hydroelectric |
12.52 |
12.52 |
12.79 |
15.35 |
17.07 |
|
|
Non-Hydroelectric Renewable |
Geothermal |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Wind |
0.49 |
0.524 |
0.58 |
0.79 |
0.35 |
||
| Solar, Tide and Wave |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
| Biomass and Waste |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
F.3.2 Renewable Bio-fuels Production by Type (Thousand Barrels per Day)
|
Country |
Renewable Product |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
|
Egypt |
Fuel Ethanol |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Bio-diesels |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
